FORCE

By :
Name : Kadek Adi Satrya Palguna
No :3
Class : VIII C
 Force is a push or pull given to an object
to another object.
 Force can be divided by 2 because the
properties. Contact force and non contact
force.
 The instrument used to measure the
magnitude of force is spring balance.
 Contact force is a force that touch
another object, for example :
1. Muscle force
2. Frictional force


 while non contact force is a force that not

touch another object, for example:
1. Gravitation force
2. Magnetic force

The Effect of Force on an object

The force working on an object affects
the condition of the object. If a force exerts
on an object, it will cause some changes.
a.The rest object will move.
b.The moving object will be at rest.
c.The form and size of the object will change.
d.The direction of the body will change.
 Force has magnitude and
direction because the force is vector
quantity.
 F = 10 N


 Note :
 The length of the arrow indicates
the quantity of a force.
 The direction of the arrow
indicates the direction of a force.

 Resultant Force
 Two children are pushing a table in the same direction
to the right. It means there are two forces in the same
direction working on the table in the same work line. For
example, the first child pushes a table with force 90 N,
and the second child with force 85 N. It means the
resultant force which work on the table is the addition of
the forces. So, the resultant force is 90 N + 85 N = 175 N
to the right direction.
 Rope A pulls with force 40 N to the west direction and
rope B pulls with 60 N to the east direction. The resultant
force working on the object is the difference of the forces.
So, the resultant force is (60 N + (-40 N)) = 20 N in rope
B direction, to the east.
Newton’s Law
 Newton’s 1st Law states, “an object move with constant
velocity and zero acceleration if no resultant force work on that
object”. In other words : “when no resultant force acts on an
object, the object either remains at rest or moves with constant
velocity in a straight line, no force resultant is needed to keep it
moving”. It is mathematically formulated as :



If ∑F = 0, then a = 0 or v = constant


 According to Newton’s 1st Law, an object at rest

condition will always stands its movement. The property of an
object which always stands its first condition or its position is
known as inertia.

Newton’s 2nd Law

Newton’s 2nd Law states, “if an external force act on an
object, the object accelerates. The direction of acceleration
is the same as the direction of the resultant force. The
resultant force is equal to the mass of the object times the
acceleration of the object.” on other words : “ acceleration
caused by forces working on an object is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely
proportional to the mass of the body”. It is formulated
mathematically as follows :

a = ∑F or ∑F = m.a
 m

Where : a = acceleration of the object (m/s²)

∑F = Resultant of force (N)
 m = Mass (kg)
 Newton’s 3rd Law
 Newton’s third Law states “If the 1st object exerts
a force on the 2nd object (an action), then the 2nd object
exerts a force on the 1st object (a reaction). These two
forces have the same magnitude but are opposite in
direction. There are two different forces act on an object.
If an object exerts a force (action) to another object, then
the other object will also exerts a force (reaction) to the
first object within the same magnitude. The pair of these
two forces is often known as the pair of action-reaction
force. Mathematically, Newton’s 3rd Law can be
formulated as :
 F1 = -F2
Where : F1 = action force
 F2 = reaction force
 sign (-) shows that the two forces are in the
opposite direction.
Friction

Friction is the force occurred as the result
of direct contact between two object surfaces in
the opposite direction toward the tendency of the
object’s motion.

The friction of the table surface to the
wooden block when there is no motion is called
static friction. If you pull the block continuously,
at a time you will feel that the block exactly will
move, at that moment the maximum static
friction occur. When the block already moves, the
friction of force will decrease. The friction of the
table surface to the wooden block when it already
moves is called kinetic friction.
Weight
 Weight is the gravitational pull on an
object. It is mathematically written as :
 g=w
 m
Where : g = gravitation acceleration (N/kg or
m/s²)
 m = mass of object (kg)
 w = weight of object (N)


 Weight force or the weight of the object

(w) which direction is toward the center of the
earth.
 Normal force (N), force done by the