NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION
“Educational Technology is the application of
scientific process to man’s learning conditions.”
– Robert Cox
“Educational Technology may be defined as
the application of the laws as well as recent
discoveries of science and technology to the
process of education.” – Sushma Kulkarni
DEFINITION
“Educational Technology is that branch of
educational theory and practice concerned
primarily with the design and use of messages
which control the learning process.”– Ernest E.
Hadden
“Educational Technology can be conceived as
a science of techniques and methods by which
educational goals could be realized.”– Sisir
Kumar Mitra
DEFINITION
Educational Technology is the study and ethical
practice of facilitating learning and improving
performance by creating, using and managing
appropriate technological processes and
resources.

(Association for Educational Communications and Technology.

Januszewski & Molenda, 2008)
ISTE
ISTE stands for International Society for
Technology in Education.
It is the foremost organization in teaching
technology in the classroom.
ISTE has more a bunch of quality standards on
how students, teachers, administrators, coaches,
and computer educators should approach
technology in the classroom.
ISTE’s Standards for STUDENTS

Students need to be receptive to an education

if they’re actually going to learn.
With that in mind, the ISTE has established seven
(7) key standards for students to follow:
ISTE’s Standards for STUDENTS

1. Empowered learner
2. Digital citizen
3. Knowledge constructor
4. Innovative designer
5. Computational thinker
6. Creative communicator
7. Global collaborator
Empowered Learner
 The empowered learner standard requires students to take an
active part in their education.
 To fulfill this standard, students need to:
 Achieve competency in learning goals
 Demonstrate competency in learning goals
 These tenets are fulfilled when students set up individual learning
goals and customize their learning environments to achieve those
goals.
 Then, students get feedback on what they’ve done. That lets them
refine their goals and environment to achieve the best results.
Digital Citizen
 ISTE standards require every student to be a good digital citizen.
 This means understanding the rights and responsibilities that go
along with using modern technology.
 Beyond that, it requires students to act ethically, legally, and safely
online.
 It’s crucial for students to understand how their personal information
works online, not to mention who has access to it.
 That helps them contextualize the modern world and how it works,
particularly when people reference “big data,” “data mining,” and
hacking.
Knowledge Constructor
 ISTE’s knowledge constructor standard requires students to
understand and contextualize information online.
 This is important since the Internet has started an age of hyper-
information, where it’s all but impossible to keep up with world
events using traditional methods.
 There’s also a shocking amount of misinformation (intentional or
accidental) in the world that makes its way online every day.
 As a result, students need to know what reliable information looks
like and where they can find it.
Innovative Designer
 To be an innovative designer, students must understand the basics
of problem-solving.
 It requires students to learn solution design, meaning they have to
diagnose problems, prescribe solutions, and even make those
solutions with digital tools.
 By taking this approach to learning, students acquire a taste for
answering open-ended problems, supporting their designs, and
refining those designs for the best possible solutions.
Computational Thinker
 To be a computational thinker, ISTE says students must be able to
create and employ strategies for solving problems that use
technology.
 This thinking requires students to become familiar with data
collection, data analysis, algorithmic thinking, and data
representation.
 It also encourages students to break problems down into
component parts, allowing them to better understand a specific
issue.
 Finally, students learn about automation and the importance of
turning step-by-step tasks into machine-run innovations.
Creative Communicator
 A creative communicator expresses themselves clearly and
concisely through digital media.
 This is important for ISTE students because they’re around digital
media all the time. As a result, it’s crucial that they understand how
to use that media to its fullest potential.
 Students learn about digital tools that can help them communicate,
along with creating original materials that visualize their ideas.
 Students also must know how to responsibly repurpose digital
resources for their own uses with the use of models or simulations.
 Most importantly, students must be able to follow through with the
final step of publishing and presenting their ideas to the niche
audience they want to reach.
Global Collaborator
 To become a global collaborator, students have to understand how
their perspectives are different from others’ and work together to
achieve a common goal.
 Students have to know how to do this on two levels:
 Locally
 Globally
 In both scenarios, students work with digital tools to broaden their
horizons. They work constructively in teams to achieve mutual
interests while maintain a positive, helpful outlook.
 They also incorporate their knowledge of digital tools to create new
solutions to different issues, both online and offline.
Does the current Philippine
Basic Education Curriculum
comply with these
standards?
ISTE’s Standards for
TEACHERS
 ISTE teacher standards hold technology educators to high
requirements.
 These standards prepare teachers to teach technology and
advanced concepts in the classroom.
 It also encourages teachers to communicate with one another for
better ideas on how to engage their students.
 Overall, ISTE-compliant teachers take an active, innovative role in
the education process to help students learn more effectively.
 The ISTE’s teacher standards are broken into seven roles that a
teacher must fulfill.
Seven (7) Roles of Teachers
according to ISTE
Learner
Leader
Citizen
Collaborator
Designer
Facilitator
Analyst
Teacher as a LEARNER
 To be effective educators, each teacher must also know how to be
a learner.
 That means teachers have to learn from and with others in their field
to utilize the full potential of technology in the classroom.
 It also means setting professional goals, pursuing interests in learning
networks, and staying up-to-date with research in education.
 As learning sciences advance, teachers must advance as well. That
way, students constantly get the best education possible for them,
and teachers can rest assured knowing they’re preparing their
students for a highly-advanced world.
Teacher as a LEADER
 Teachers are leaders, and nowhere is this more appropriate than in
the classroom.
 To be ISTE compliant, teachers must continually search for
opportunities to improve themselves and their classrooms.
 Digital content, educational devices, and cutting-edge learning
theory are all crucial to a teacher acting as an ISTE-compliant
leader.
 Most importantly, these teachers are pacesetters for their
colleagues, taking the helm on identifying, evaluating, and
adopting new technology to improve students’ learning.
Teacher as a CITIZEN
 A good ISTE teacher is also a great citizen.
 Chiefly that means teachers regularly inspire students to act
responsibly as they participate in the world — especially the digital
world.
 Part of that requires teachers to help students build and learn
empathy, empowering them to put themselves in others’ shoes
even online.
 That promotes community-building among learners, especially as
they become more curious of the digital world and learn digital
literacy.
Teacher as a
COLLABORATOR
 “Collaboration” in this context means meeting with those who have
an impact on education. So teachers should swap ideas with one
another and apply those ideas to their students to enhance the
learning experience.
 But teachers can also take a place alongside students in a learning
capacity. In this context, teachers learn with students as they
discover new digital resources, problems, and solutions.
 That also requires using online tools to work with (and grade)
students as they progress through lessons.
Teacher as a DESIGNER
 his means teachers have to understand and implement
individualized education plans, or IEPs.
 It also means teachers need to know what learning activities work
with their students to maximize active and deep learning.
 Last, teachers must know how to apply instructional principles to
their designs in order to get the best possible results for their
students.
 All of this requires the use of digital tools. While that may seem like a
tall order for a teacher who isn’t tech-savvy, it’s essential as
technology becomes a ubiquitous part of students’ lives.
Teacher as a FACILITATOR
 A teacher is considered a facilitator when they actively support
student achievements.
 To become a facilitator, teachers start by creating a classroom
culture that places learning responsibility on the student both
individually and together.
 Teachers also have to manage the use of technology on digital
platforms to ensure students use them for their intended purposes.
 Along with that, teachers innovate new learning challenges through
design and computational thinking to promote a problem-solving
mentality in the classroom.
 Finally, teachers consistently nurture, encourage, and promote
creativity to promote individuality in the classroom.
Teacher as a ANALYST
 The final ISTE standard for teachers is called analyst. It requires
teachers to learn, understand, and apply data to students’ goals.
 Teachers use that data to find alternative ways for students to
succeed, ensuring individual students can play to their strengths
instead of struggling along a single learning pathway.
 Teachers gather this data using formative and summative
assessments to figure out how they can better work with individual
students or revamp a curriculum for a whole course.
 Then, teachers discuss that data with students and parents to
encourage self-direction and individuality among learners.
Are Philippine teachers able
to be an ISTE teacher?
Do we really need
Educational Technology?
There are countless reasons why technology is a
key aspect of learning in the schools. Whether
we like it or not, technology is everywhere; and
in order for our students to survive in post-
secondary education and the business world,
they must know technology.
10 Reasons why Technology
in Education is IMPORTANT
1. Students demand it.

Students are engaging with technology

constantly outside of the classroom. Kids like to
be interactive, and learning through technology
has now become a part of their lifestyle.
2. New Teachers are
demanding it
The technology movement has been
implemented in post-secondary education as
well as other professional jobs. For new teachers,
technology is considered a necessity for the
learning environment.
3. Kids are digital native.

Kids know technology better than most adults. It

has become the easiest way they learn,
because it is such an integral part of their life.
Engaging with technology in the classroom has
not only helped them learn better, but they also
acquire multi-tasking skills. At this day in age,
they hardly know how to learn without it. This
knowledge is important, because they would be
way behind in the real world without it.
4. Kids can learn at their own
pace
We know from years of experience that kids
learn at their own pace, but sometimes the
traditional classroom makes it difficult to do so.
With the integration of technology in education,
children have the ability to slow down and go
back over lessons and concepts, and more
advanced kids can go ahead. It also frees up
the teacher to help kids on a more one-on-one
level.
5. With technology, there are
no limitations.
Having access to other information outside of
the book gives students many different ways to
learn a concept. Teachers can come up with
creative ways to teach their students that keeps
them engaged. Technology has changed the
learning environment so that learning is more
hands-on. Schools throughout the nation are
diverse in income, and often kids don’t always
get the resources they need. The
implementation of technology in schools helps
close that gap.
6. It enhances teacher-
student relationships.
When teachers effectively integrate technology
into subject areas, teachers grow into roles of
adviser, content expert, and coach. Technology
helps make teaching and learning more
meaningful and fun. Students are also able to
collaborate with their own classmates through
technological applications.
7. Testing has gone online

One protocol that schools don’t have control

over, but must adapt to, is online testing. Testing
online is the way of the future, but it has a lot of
advantages. Assessing students’ performance
can be done instantly with technology. Beyond
seeing test scores in real-time, teachers can
better track and understand students’ grasp of
the subject.
8. Multitude of Resources

Computers, tablets, and other forms of

technology bring multiple resources for the
teacher that’s not in the book. They not only
keep students engaged with exciting new
features and apps, but also have other ways to
teach students material. Every kid learns
differently, and technology helps with this gap
as well.
9. Technology keeps kids
engaged
The students of this generation are considered
technological learners. They learn best being
more interactive, and technology is what helps
them do that. Children often struggle to stay on
task or interested, and with resources to help the
teacher, they can better stay focused and learn
faster.
10. Technology is necessary to
succeed outside BasicEd.
Whether we like it or not, technology is an
essential concept to learn. Because it changes
so quickly, children are better off learning about
it sooner. It is a primary part of every industry,
and there is no way around it. These days,
technology means more than just learning basic
computing skills. Technology has made itself part
of every aspect of our lives today, and the
students who understand it are the ones who
succeed in the business world.
10 Nature of Educational
Technology
1. The basis of educational technology is science.

2. Educational Technology studies the effect of science

and technology upon education. In other words, science
and technology are used under educational technology.
Hence, it is the practical aspect of science.

3. Educational Technology is a continuous dynamic,

progressive and effect-producing method.

4. New conceptions are possible only due to educational

technology such as programmed learning, micro-
teaching, simulated teaching, interaction analysis, video-
tape, tape-recorder, projector and computer, etc.
5. Educational Technology accepts schools as a system. In
this system, the school-building, furniture and teachers act
as input while various methods, techniques, strategies and
the teaching and examination with the help of audio-
visual aids function in the form of a process. Lastly, the
output is in of form of ability of the pupils.

6. Audio-visual aids cannot be termed as educational

technology. It is because its concern is only with the
process-aspect of educational technology and not with
the input and output aspects. But if these A.V. aids are
used to achieve educational objectives, then it can be
put in the category of Educational technology.
7. Programmed Instruction is also different from
Educational Technology. Its main cause is that the student
learns himself during the programmed instructions. It does
not allow interaction between pupil and teacher.
Hence, it can be used only for limited objectives and
limited subject-matter. Therefore, programmed instruction
is merely a part of educational technology.

8. Engineering Technology is not the educational

technology because the engineering technology has
manufactured radio, tape- recorder, video-tape and T.V.,
etc., which are used in teaching as audio-visual aids, but
still engineering technology is different from educational
technology. In education, it is accepted as hardware
approach only.
9. Educational Technology cannot solve each and every
problem of education. It can be used successfully in
teaching and instructional system only.

10. Some people assume that educational technology will

replace the teacher which will make the teacher
unemployed one day. It is their mistake. Educational
technology can never replace the teacher. It is because
of three aspects of educational technology.
Sources:

 Clarity Innovations. New ISTE Standards for Students 2019 Retrieved on July
04, 2019 (https://www.k12blueprint.com/news/new-iste-standards-students)
 Applied Educational Systems. What Are ISTE Standards? (And Why Do They
Matter?) 2019 Retrieved on July 04, 2019
(https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/what-are-iste-
standards%3fhs_amp=true)
 WikiEducator. Meaning and Scope of Educational Technology 2019
Retrieved on July 04, 2019
(https://www.wikieducator.org/Meaning_and_Scope_of_Educational_Tech
nology)