ARTICLE 15

RIGHT TO EQUALITY

MADE UNDERTHE GUIDANCE OF:

Dr.KANAKWADHWANI
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

 The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

 The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code,structure,procedures,powers,
and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of
citizens.
 It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth. B. R.Ambedkar,chairman of the drafting
committee,is widely considered to be its chief architect.
 It was adopted by the ConstituentAssembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January
1950.
RIGHT TO EQUALITY

 Right to equality is one of the six fundamental rights in the Indian constitution.
 It includes equality before law,prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race,religion,gender,and
caste or birth place.
 It also includes equality of opportunity in matters of employment,abolition of untouchability and titles.
 Each citizen of India is guaranteed the right to equality byArticles 14 to 18 of the Constitution.
 These are enshrined in Part III (Articles 12 to 35) of the Constitution of India.
ARTICLE 15

The Article 15 states that the state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of race, religion,
caste, sex and place of birth

1.Subject to any disability,liability,restriction or condition with regard to

(a) access to shops,public restaurants, hotels and palaces of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks,bathing ghats, roads and places of public
2.Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children resort maintained
wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public

3. Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children
4.Nothing in this article or in clause ( 2 ) of Article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the
advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
 This video shows a scene from the movie Article 15, with the protagonist sticking a copy of Article
ARTICLE 15 15 from the constitution at a police station in a village.
CASES
ARTICLE 15
BADAUN GANG RAPE CASE

 On 27 May 2014,a gang rape and murder of two teenage girls was reported in the Katra village of Badaun District (also spelled as Badayun), Uttar
Pradesh India. It was widely reported in the press in India as well as overseas.After an extensive investigation, CBI concluded that there was no
gang rape and the suspects were released. However,on 28 October 2015 the POCSO court rejected the CBI closure report; it was a major
setback for CBI.
 According to reports, in the evening the girls had gone out into a field that was used as a toilet area and did not return.The police were notified,
but initially took no action.Villagers searched for the girls throughout the night and they were found the following morning hanging from a tree.
 According to a post-mortem examination conducted earlier, it was reported that the girls had been raped and died from strangulation due to
being hanged while still alive. However,according to a CBI investigation, no evidence of rape was found,and the initial examination, conducted by
physician who had never conducted rape investigations before, was flawed.The girl's family and several activists rejected the CBI report as a cover-
up "to avoid international shame and acceptance of the dismal law and order situation”
 The girl's family and others have charged that the local police attempted a cover-up of the incident due to the lower status of the family.
Some of the earliest reports claimed that the family belong to a "Dalit" (untouchables) caste. Later reports contradicted the report of
the victims belonging to the Dalit community. On 6 June, the Indian government began a review of the case and determined that because
"a concerted effort of a blame game has taken shape by the officials manning the administration" investigating the case,"it is necessary
for the court to monitor the investigation"
BADAUN GANG RAPE CASE

 The case has gained both national and international attention. In a statement, the humanitarian organisation Save the Children
India called the attack "part of an alarming trend of brutal violence against those from marginalised communities".

 The CBI announced in on 27 November 2014 that they have concluded that the two cousins were not sexually assaulted and
murdered as police initially said, but took their own lives.Through the use of phone records it was established that the older
girl was, in fact, having an affair with 20-year-old PappuYadav,with whom she had shared about 400 calls.
UNA FLOGGING INCIDENT

 In July 2016, seven members of a Dalit family were assaulted by a group of people in pretext of cow protection in Una in
Gujarat, India.The video of the incident was circulated on the social media resulting in state-wide protests in following months.
Forty-three people including four police officers were arrested and the case is under trial since August 2018.
 In September 2015, Mohammed Akhlaq was lynched to death in Dadri, Uttar Pradesh by people who suspected that he had beef
in his fridge. In March 2016, Mustain Abbas was killed in Haryana while transporting newly purchased bullocks to use on his
fields. His family said that the police was threatening them instead of helping them get justice. In the same month, two Muslim
cattle traders including a 12-year-old boy were hanged from a tree in Latehar, Jharkhand by a group claiming to be cow protectors.
The police had been ignoring several complaints from the Muslim community against local cow vigilante groups. In June 2016,
three people accused of transporting cows were thrashed by a mob of around 150 claiming to be gau rakshaks (cow protectors)
in Rajasthan's Pratapgarh district.
 On 11 July 2016, the seven members of a Dalit family were skinning the carcasses of dead cow in Mota Samadhiyala village near
Una in Gir Somnath district of Gujarat state of India. They had bought the carcass from Bediya village. They were approached by
persons in two cars who claimed to be member of cow protection group and accused them of killing cows. Dalits tried to
convince them that they were skinning dead cows. They were not convinced and tied Dalits to the car and beat with sticks, iron
pipes and a knife. Four of them were brought to Una town in car and stripped and assaulted again in public.When police arrived,
the attackers fled in their car.The assault was recorded on video and circulated on social media. The Dalits were moved to
hospital in Una and later to Rajkot civil hospital on 14 July.
UNA FLOGGING INCIDENT

 The videos of thrashing went viral on internet and sparked the protests across the state. On 12 July 2016, a huge protest ral ly
was at first organized in Chandkheda area in Ahmedabad by various Dalit leaders in which more than 2000 Dalits attended and
blocked the state highway. 13 July 2016, hundreds on Dalits hold protest rally against the incident and later occupied Trikon Baug,
the main square in Una for an hour.On 21 July,the issue was discussed in Rajya Sabha,the upper house of Parliament.The
protests spread across Saurashtra region.Twelve Dalits youth attempted suicide in protest across the region and one of them
died.Twelve people including seven police personnel were injured in the protest and one of them died.
 Jignesh Mevani, an activist, led the protest march called Dalit Asmita Yatra from Ahmedabad to Una which culminated on 15 August
2016 which was attended by some 20,000 Dalits,including women, who took a pledge to give up their traditional jobs of
removing cow carcasses. He demanded the land for upliftment of Dalits. In August 2016, 10 Dalits were injured and vehicles were
torched when a mob attacked them returning from Una after attending a flag hoisting ceremony to mark the end their
10-dayAzadi Kooch (freedom march).The government denied the incident.
 On 25 April 2018, two of the victims of the Una incident were again attacked by one of the accused who was out on bail.They
were returning from shopping in Una in preparation for their conversion to Buddhism.
Crime rate
Over the decade to 2016, crime rate
against dalits rose by 25%; from 16.3
crimes per 100,000 dalits reported in
2006, to 20.3 crimes in 2016,
according to an India Spend analysis
of 2016 National Crime Records
Bureau (NCRB) data, the latest
available.
Meanwhile, the crime rate against
adivasis or scheduled tribes declined
by 9%, from 6.9 crimes per 100,000
adivasis in 2006 to 6.3 crimes in 2016.
Pending Cases
Cases pending police investigation for both
marginalised groups has risen by 99% and cases
pending police investigation for both
marginalised groups has risen by 99% and 55%
respectively, while the pendency in courts has
risen by 50% and 28%, respectively. The
conviction rates for crime against SCs and STs
have fallen by 2 percentage points and 7
percentage points, respectively, to 26% and 21%,
from 2006 to 2016.55% respectively, while the
pendency in courts has risen by 50% and 28%,
respectively. The conviction rates for crime
against SCs and STs have fallen by 2 percentage
points and 7 percentage points, respectively, to
26% and 21%, from 2006 to 2016.
Even though we live in 21st century but still such discrimination
is observed in various part of India.
This video depicts the discrimination that people have to face everyday even in the 21 century.
THANK YOU