Reverse Vending Machine

for Empty Plastic bottles

and Cans
Presented by :Voltes B

Researchers:
Brillantes, Bryon P.
Balona, Warren L.
Basay, Mark Liester M.
 OUTLINE

● Introduction
● Problem Statement
● General Objective
● Specific Objective
● Theoretical Background
● Literature Review
● Methodology
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
 WHAT IS RVM?
 Stands for Reverse Vending Machine
“Trash to cash” concept
One machine usually cost about
400,000 pesos according to
zerowasteland.org.uk
Useful for improving Waste
Management
 COLLECTING WASTE THROUGH
VENDING MACHINES
• Deposit machines for returning drinks bottles
and cans

• Ensures compliantly segregated metals and

plastics

• Reduces the volume of items thrown

everywhere

• Rewards the users and promotes waste

management and recycling
ESTIMATED COST PER BOTTLE
• 1 kg of bottles = 50 pcs of 500 ml =100 pcs of 250 ml = 13 - 15 pesos
• 1 kg of Aluminum cans = 70 pcs = 40 - 50 pesos

• 1 aluminum can = 0.50 cents

0.50 x no. of can = amount of money in pesos received

• 2 pcs 250 ml bottles = 0.25 cents

• 500 ml bottle = 0.25 cents
0.25 x no. of plastic bottles = amount of money in pesos received
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Expensive reverse vending machine

• The lacks of segregation of some reverse
vending machine for plastic bottles and
aluminum cans
 OBJECTIVES

GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• Design and develop a device that accepts used empty bottles and cans
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
• Design a system that dispenses coin in exchange for a plastic bottle
and aluminum can deposited
• Design a system that will determine if the input is plastic bottle or
aluminum can
• Design a machine that has a level monitoring system
• Design a system that will separate plastic bottles and cans
 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

• Collecting recyclable waste by means of exchanging

recycling efforts with coin rewards

• Design a low cost reverse vending machine

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Chapter 2
 LOAD CELL
• Full scale output load cell:

Vo = 0.7 mV/V x VEX

where:
Vo = Output Voltage
VEX = Excitation Voltage

• Resolution of Load Cell (R):

LOAD CELL R = 0.004% x 100g = 0.004 g

WHEATSTONE BRIDGE CIRCUIT

where:

Vo = Output voltage
VEX = Excitation voltage
INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR
INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

Four basic elements:

1. Inductive Coil
2. Oscillator circuit
3. Schmitt Trigger
4. Output switching circuit
ULTRASONIC SENSOR

where:
D = distance (m)
T = time between emission
and reception (s), and
C = speed of sound (344
m/s).
Sources:
[1], J. Liukkonen,"Machine vision system for a reverse vending
machine," (2015).

[2] R. Rathore Heena & Rathore, “Solid waste identification and

segregation system,” 20160078414A1, 2016.

[3] P. Dhulekar, S. T. Gandhe, and U. P. Mahajan, “Development

of Bottle Recycling Machine Using Machine Learning
Algorithm,”2018 International Conference On Advances in
Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT), 2018.
Sources:
[4] K.K. Wong, N.A.A Samah, M.S. Sahimi, & W. A. F. W. Othman,
“Development of Reverse Vending Machine using Recycled
Materials and Arduino Microcontroller,” International Journal of
Engineering Creativity & Innovation, pp. 7-16. 2019.

[5] S. M. Samreen1, D. B. Gadgay, V. Pujari, and P. B.V, “Automatic

metal, glass and plastic waste sorter,” International Journal for
Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, vol. 5,
2017.
Sources:
[6] W. G. P. Dumpayan, M. L. M. D. Mesa, N. D. F. Yucor, E. T. Gabion, J. D.
Reynoso, and G. R. M. Geslani, “Two-way powered microcontroller-based
plastic bottles ‘drop-and-tap’ reverse vending machine with stored value
system using radio frequency identification (RFID) scanner
technology,”2017IEEE 9th International Conference on Humanoid,
Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control,
Environment and Management (HNICEM), 2017.

[7] R. Tomari, A. A. Kadir, W. N. W. Zakaria, M. F. Zakaria, M. H. A. Wahab,

and M. H. Jabbar, “Development of Reverse Vending Machine (RVM)
Framework for Implementation to a Standard Recycle Bin,”Procedia
Computer Science, vol. 105, pp. 75–80, 2017.
 Camera – Based Detection for Empty
Bottles

• Proposes a camera based for detecting the bottle’s barcode[1]

• Operation of the system works by recognizing the barcode and

automatically checks whether the decoded barcode exist in database
[1]

[1][2][3]
 Camera – Based Detection for Empty
Bottles

• Uses camera to capture image of the recyclable waste[2]

• The system works by comparing and selecting the captured image

that closely resembles to the data sets saved in the microprocessor
system[2]

[1][2]
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• Accurate identification • Sensitive in terms of

of bottle capturing image
• Doesn’t accept
without barcode
 Sensor – Based Detection for Empty
Bottles
• Uses inductive and capacitive proximity sensor for detecting plastic
or non plastic material [4] [5]

• Basically works with the use of a microcontroller Arduino that

connects the whole system

• Incorporates monetary reward system for inputting items

[4][5]
 ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGES

• Low cost system • No coin availability

checking
• No level monitoring
 Rewarding System

• Uses RFID Card for claiming the reward [6][7]

• The system works by adding points to the RFID Point Card when the
users deposit a bottle into the machine[6][7]

[6][7]
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• Segregates the wastes • Cannot redeem without

enough points

• Redemption of points
needs another system
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FLOWCHART
FLOWCHART
FLOWCHART
FLOWCHART
FLOWCHART
FLOWCHART
METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS
Load Cell
Purpose: Measures the weight of a material

Specifications:
• Capacity: 100 g

• Full Scale Output: 0.7 mV/V

• Recommended control voltage: 5-10 V (maximum 10 V)

• Excitation Voltage: ≤ 100 V DC

• Net Weight: 7g
• Dimensions: 4.7 x 1.2 x 0.63 cm
METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS
HX711
Purpose: Amplifies the analog value from the load cell

Specifications:
• Current consumption: normal operation < 1.5 mA,
power down < 1 µA
• Operation supply voltage range: 2.7 ~ 5 V

• Precision: 24 bits
• Noise-free bits: 17.3 bits

• Size: 3.1 x 2.3 cm

METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS
Inductive Proximity Sensor
Purpose: Detects metallic object

Specifications:

• Model : LJ30A3-10-Z/AX
• Indicator : Red LED
• Switch Appearance Type : Cylinder Type
• Sensing Range: 10 mm
METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS
HC-SR04 Ultrasoinc sensor
Purpose: Measures the distance of plastic
bottles and cans

Specifications:
• Working Voltage: DC 5 V
• Working Current: 15 mA
• Working Frequency: 40 Hz
• Max Range: 4 m
• Min Range: 2 cm
• Measuring Angle: 15 º
METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS
ARDUINO MEGA 2560

Purpose: Processes the path data variables uploaded

Specifications:
• Input Voltage(Recommended): 7-12 V
• Input Voltage(Limits): 6-20 V
• Microcontroller: ATMEGA1280
• Operating Voltage: 5 V
• Digital I/O Pins: 54 ( 15 are PWM outputs)
• Analog Input Pins: 16
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Purpose: Displays the status of the system

Specifications:
• Operating Voltage: is 4.7 V to 5.3 V
• Current consumption: 1 mA (without
backlight)
METHODOLOGY: COMPONENTS
Tower Pro MG996R Servo Motor
Purpose: Controls the trap door movement

Specifications:
• Weight: 55 g
• Dimension: 40.7 x 19.7 x 42.9 mm approx.
• Operating speed: 0.17 s/60º (4.8 V), 0.14 s/60º (6 V)
• Operating voltage: 4.8 V – 7.2 V
• Running Current: 500 mA – 900 mA (6 V)
• Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC
METHODOLOGY:
COMPONENTS
Coin Hopper
Purpose: Dispenses coins

Specifications:

• No. of holes: 8

• Power Supply: 110 V – 220 V

• Temperature Limit : 105º Celsius

METHODOLOGY: DESIGN
METHODOLOGY: DESIGN
 Electronic Components
Coin Hopper
Inductive Proximity Sensor

LCD

LDR

Ultrasonic Sensor

Servo Motor

ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Load Cell

THANK YOU! 