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Circulation refers to principal external and

internal movements of persons, vehicles and


goods in and around the building.
 These movements depend partly on the purpose of the
building and partly on the way the individual masses and
spaces are arranged.
 Irrespective of whether it is vehicular, pedestrian or goods,
the movement in each case will form a recurring pattern
which can be represented in simple dramatic form and it will
be found that these diagrams do not differ markedly from
each other.
 The arrangement of spaces and masses on one hand, and the
circulation pattern on the other, are closely interrelated and
one mirrors the other.
 The creation of a system of spaces and masses automatically
creates a system of circulation, and vice versa.
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 i) Horizontal circulation patterns-
 A) Linear pattern-
 B) Linear peripheral pattern-
 Corridor/road has branches to one side only of main channel.
 C) Bilinear peripheral pattern-
 Corridor/road has two main channels, branches to one side only.
 D) Trilinear peripheral pattern-
 Corridor/road has three main channels, branches to one side only.
 E) Quadrilinear peripheral pattern-
 Corridor/road has four main channels, branches to one side only.
 F) Linear spinal pattern-
 Corridor/road has branches to both sides of single channel.
 G) Bilinear spinal pattern-
 Corridor/road has two main channels, branches to both sides.
 H&I) Trilinear and quadrilinear spinal patterns
 J) Centrifugal pattern
 K) Circular pattern
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 LINEAR PATTERN

Circulation in a temple is a typical


example of linear circulation
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 LINEAR PERIPHERAL PATTERN

Corridor or road has


branches only to one side
of the main channel
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 BILINEAR PERIPHERAL PATTERN

Corridor / road has two main


channels but branches to one side
only
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 TRILINEAR PERIPHERAL PATTERN

Corridor / road has three main


channels but branches to one side
only
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 QUADRILINEAR PERIPHERAL PATTERN

Corridor / road has four main


channels but branches to one side
only
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 LINEAR SPINAL

Corridor/road has branches to


both sides of a single channel

WISCONSIN, USA
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 BILINEAR SPINAL PATTERN

Corridor has two main channels


and branches to both sides
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 CENTRIFUGAL SPINAL PATTERN

EASTON SCHOOL , UK
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 CIRCULAR PATTERN

Peripheral Spinal

Crescent Library
 ii) Vertical circulation patterns-
These correspond to the movements that are performed by means of stairs, lifts and other mechanical
means. Although the stair is not literally a vertical element but a diagonal one, the ultimate aim of the
movement is vertical and for purposes of the diagram it may be taken as vertical. The only true vertical
circulation occurs in a tower-like structure whose function is to afford view only. All other vertical
patterns are in one way or the other associated with horizontal patterns, thus leading to multistoried
patterns.

 iii) Multistoried circulation pattern-


 The multistoried pattern is basically the horizontal pattern repeated at certain intervals, i.e. the horizontal pattern
superimposed on itself and the whole connected by a vertical pattern at one or more points.

 iv) Miscellaneous circulation patterns-


 The occurrence of these patterns is relatively rare and have limited applicability.
Numerous varieties of patterns can be combined together to form intricate non-repetitive
patterns. When spaces change from floor to floor, it becomes difficult to connect them
efficiently in the vertical direction. In such cases a zigzag pattern can be used as per design
requirements.
 A) Diagonal circulation pattern
 B) Spiral circulation pattern
 Architectural context- Two well known live examples of spiral pattern are-’Guggenheim
museum’, New York and the museum of the ‘Square Spiral’ by Le Corbusier.
 C) Meander pattern
 D) Comb pattern
 E) Flyover pattern
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 MULTISTORIED PATTERNS

Horizontal
patterns
repeated at
vertical levels
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 MISCELLANEOUS PATTERNS

DIAGONAL PATTERN

SPIRAL PATTERN
CIRCULATION PATTERNS
 MISCELLANEOUS PATTERNS MEANDER PATTERN

COMB PATTERN

FLY OVER PATTERN


 Circulation is after all only one of the elements of design,
and it cannot be a dominant consideration, but must be
integrated with all the other functional and aesthetic
factors.

 In practice, therefore, the designer may equally well first


determine the arrangement of masses and spaces, and then
seek to adapt a circulation pattern to this layout.

 The ultimate pattern must be such that the individual using


a building must instinctively become aware of it. He must be
able to find his way without getting confused.
 The simple geometrical pattern has this advantage,
that its regularity impresses itself automatically upon
the consciousness, and in a matter like circulation
that is very useful.

 One may have very intricate patterns and still remain


within geometrical limits. But the organic pattern,
,like the organic sculpted mass, does not belong in
architecture.

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