Bolt Strength

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

American Society for Testing and Materials

• Proof strength corresponds roughly to the proportional limit

and corresponds to 0.0001 in permanent set in the fastener
(First measurable deviation from elastic behaviour)
• Table 8-10, 8-11 and 8-12, shows strengths according to
SAE, ASTM and Metric standards respectively.

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 Bolt Strength

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

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 MINIMUM means

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

Fig 8-17, shows the distribution of ultimate tensile strength.
If The minimum ultimate strength exceeds or equal 120 kpsi,
for 99 percent of bolts, then the bolt can be offered SAE grade
5.
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 8-7 Tension Joints-The External
Load

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

figdsds

Figure 8-13
(according to book)

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 8-7 Tension Joints-The External
Load

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

=CP

C is Called stiffness
constant of the joint

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 8-7 Tension Joints-The External
Load

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

The Resultant load on the connected members is

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 8-8 Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

1. One way is to calculate the elongation due to Preload Fi, by:

BUT its not easy to find the elongation always e.g. in case of screw its
not possible as threaded portion is in blind hole

2. Other way, By finding required torque T for preload Fi. Although the
coefficient of friction may vary widely, a good estimate of the torque
required to produce a given preload can still be obtained

(b)

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 Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

(c)

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 Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

Example 8.3: Will further enhance
your concept of Bolt Torque

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 8-9: Statically Loaded Tension Joint
with Preload

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

• The above two equations represent the CP Fi
b  
forces in a bolted joint. The tensile At At
stress in the bolt can be found from

• The limiting value of b is the proof

strength Sp (Table 8-9,8-10,8-11). CnP Fi
• Here, introducing, n is called the load A  A  S p
t t
factor rather than a factor of safety,
though the two ideas are somewhat S p At  Fi
related. n
CP
• Any value of n > 1 ensures that the bolt
stress is less than the proof strength

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 Statically Loaded Tension Joint with
Preload

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

• Factor of safety for separation n0 : Another means of
ensuring a safe joint is to require that the external load
be smaller than that needed to cause the joint to
separate
• If separation does occur, then the entire external load
will be imposed on the bolt. At separation Fm=0.

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 Statically Loaded Tension Joint with
Preload

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

Recommended values for Pre-load Fi

Remember: Sp is the proof strength obtained from table 8-10

8-11 0r 8-12. Approximated value can be Sp=0.85 Sy (yield stress)

Example 8.4 to enhance your

concept homework.
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 Problem 8-6

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

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 Reading Assignment

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

• Gasketed Joints
• Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints (with
example 8-5)
• Eccentrically loaded, bolted joints in shear
(we will do in class if found time, with
example 8-7).

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 ME-361 Design of Machine Elements
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 ME-361 Design of Machine Elements
Total force on each bolt F = F’ + F ’
Remember its vector addition.

EXAMPLE 8-7 : to enhance the concept.

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 For practice

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

Problem 8.1 – Problem 8.14
Problem 8-20, 8-24, 8-26, 8-28, 8-31, and all
example 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-7.

From
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th Ed.
(SI Units)

Note: All problems are from 9th Edition. No borrowing (of

any thing) is allowed during session.

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 Assignment Session + Quiz
Monday 10 A.m (SHARP). Sep 22, 2014.

ME-361 Design of Machine Elements

Problem 8-1 to 8-14, and Example 8-1 to 8-4.
Total time 15 mins

+ Quizz (Lecture 7,8,9), Time 5 mins

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