ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)

PREPARED BY:
BALTAZAR, ALFONSO NOEL III B.
BANGAYAN, ANGELICA MAY D.
GALBAN, PHELGRAM
MATABIA, EDISON M.
VINLUAN, BELHAM
 OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
• TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
• BIODIVERSITY
• DEMAND & SUPPLY OF ENERGY
• ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)

INTRODUCTION
 What is an EMS?
• An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set of processes
and practices that enable an organization to reduce its
environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency.
• It includes the organizational structure, planning and resources for
developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental
protection.
 Some Basic EMS Definitions
 Environmental Aspect (Cause) - The elements of an
organization’s activities, products, or services which
can interact with the environment.

 Environmental Impact (Effect) - Any change to the

environment whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or
partially resulting from an organizations activities,
products, or services.

 Sustainable Development – A development that meets

the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs
EMS Model
The EMS Plan, Do, Check, Act Cycle
POLICY
 An environmental policy defines our organization’s
commitment to the environment through continual
improvement in environmental performance.

PLANNING
 In the planning phase of EMS, we will identify impacts
the environment, and determine which of those
impacts are significant, set objectives and targets to
minimize environmental impacts and improve
environmental performance, and establish action plans
to meet the objectives and targets. EMS consist of:
– Environmental Impacts and Aspects
– Compliance
– Objectives and Targets
IMPLEMENTATION
 Define roles and responsibilities
 Provide EMS training
 Establish internal and external communication mechanism
 Establish document control system
 Establish operational controls
 Integrate with or establish emergency preparedness procedures

CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

 Conduct periodic monitoring of environmental performance
 Identify root causes of findings and conduct corrective and preventive
actions
 Maintain environmental records
 Conduct periodic EMS audit

MANAGEMENT REVIEW
 Regular reviews are key to continual improvement and to ensuring that
EMS will continue to meet needs over time.
Connecting the Environment and the
People

• An EMS helps each member of the

organization understand their role in the
environment.
• It provides for responsibility, ownership, and
accountability of actions and related impacts.
 Conclusion
• An environmental management system takes time and
commitment from the entire organisation.
• Effective running of an EMS will provide ongoing
environmental benefits, cost savings and contribute to
building an attractive work place culture.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)

SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY SUPPLY
 RESOURCES
Are commodities that are useful to people
although the value and importance of individual
resources may differ between cultures .

TYPES OF RESOURCES
• Natural resources
• Human resources
NON- RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES
They take a long time to form and to be replenished ,
easy to develop and cheap to use, but have become
major polluters of the environment.
COAL
 Formed from fossilized plants and consisting of carbon with various
organic and some inorganic compounds.
 Burnt to provide heat or electricity.

OIL
 A carbon-based liquid formed from fossilized animals.
 Widely used in industry and transport

NATURAL GAS
 Has become the fastest growing energy resource
 Often used in houses for heating and cooking.

NUCLEAR ENERGY
 Electricity is generated from the energy that is released when the
atoms of these minerals are split (by nuclear fission) in nuclear
reactors.
 It doesn't give off atmospheric pollutants.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
They are likely to become cost- competitive, offer
great energy diversity , and allow for a cleaner
environment.

TYPES
• Continuous sources – are recurrent and will never
run out. They include running water(HEP), the sun
(solar) etc.
• Flow sources- are sustainable provided that they
are carefully managed and maintained e.g. biomass,
including the use of fuel wood.
HYDRO ELECTRICITY
 Is the most widely use commercially produce source of energy.
 Its availability depends on assured supply of fast flowing water which may
be obtained from rainfall spread evenly throughout the year, or by building
if dams and storing water in large reservoirs.

WIND
 Is the most successful of renewable technology
 Potentially infinite energy supply and pollution – free.

SOLAR ENERGY
 The sun is the primary source of the earth’s energy. Energy from sunlight is
captured in solar panels and converted into electricity.
 Manufacture and implementation of solar panels can be costly.

BIOMASS
 Biomass, also known as bio fuels an bio energy, is the most dominant form
of energy for most of the world’s population who are living in extreme
poverty.
 Its obtained from organic matter i.e. crops, plants and animal waste.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)

TOOLS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
• Environmental Impact Assessment: A process whereby the impact on the
environment of a project or development is assessed in terms of biodiversity,
geology, water, energy, waste, historical and indigenous significance (if relevant)
and social and economic changes.

• Environmental Effects Statement (EES) or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS):

The report produced as a result of an environmental impact statement that
describes the effects/impacts of the project/development. This is mandated by
planning regulators and available to stakeholders for consultation.

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) : Also called “cradle to grave analysis”, it is a technique
to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life
from-cradle-to-grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through materials
processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal
or recycling).
LCA’s can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental concerns by:
• Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and
environmental releases;
• Evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified inputs and
releases;
• Interpreting the results to help you make a more informed decision
WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH LCA?
1.Product or project development and improvement
2.Strategic planning
3.Public policy making
4.Marketing and eco-declarations

• Environmental (or Ecological) Risk Assessment: It is the process of estimating the

effects of human actions on a natural resource. It is comprised of the following
steps:
 Planning the assessment by setting the management goals, objectives and
resources available.
 Formulating the problem to determine the scope of the assessment.
 Identifying the ecological values and the likely hazards to these values.
 Analysing the risks to ecological values using qualitative, semi-qualitative or
quantitative risk assessment methods.
 Characterising and ranking the risks, including uncertainties and assumptions, to
make them accessible to decision makers and stakeholders.
 Developing a risk management plan to minimise the risks.
 Implementing the risk management plan.
 Monitoring the system to provide information on the effectiveness of the plan.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)

BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity is the distribution and number, variety
and variability of living organisms over time.

Major problems with biodiversity conservation

• Low priority for conservation of living natural
resources.
• Exploitation of living natural resources for
monetary gain.
• Values and knowledge about the species and
ecosystem inadequately known.
• Unplanned urbanization and uncontrolled
industrialization.
 Major biodiversity threats
• Habitat destruction.
• Extension of agriculture.
• Filling up of wetlands.
• Conversion of rich bio-diversity site for Human settlement and
industrial development.
• Destruction of coastal areas.
• Uncontrolled commercial exploitation.

Causes of biodiversity loss

• Poverty
• Macroeconomic policies
• International trade factors
• Policy failures
• Poor environmental law/weak enforcement
• Unsustainable development projects and lack of local control over
resources
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)

DEMAND & SUPPLY

OF ENERGY
 TERMS
• Demand- consumer’s desire and willingness to pay a price for a
specific good or service.

• Supply- amount of something supplied or available for use .

• Resource endowment- natural resources within the borders of a

country.

• Technology- the application of scientific knowledge for practical

purposes .

• Energy gap- improvement potential of energy efficiency or the

difference between optimal and actual level of energy consumption.
 The supply of non- renewable
resources of energy
• Globally , energy supplies are distributed
unevenly. This means that energy sources are
often long distances from the point of
consumption.

• In the modern world, fuel often travels vast

distances to reach its consumers. These distances
create many challenges, from the environment
risks of long-distance pipelines to oil related
problems linked to political instability in the
middle east.
• It has been estimated that the very poorest countries in the world contain 14% coal,
8% natural gas and 5% oil.

• Acceleration in energy consumption in 2018 (+2.3%) driven by high growth in

electricity and gas demand
 Factors affecting demand for and
supply of energy.
• Demand is primarily governed by the size of the country’s
population and its level of economic development.

• A country’s energy policy can have a significant impact on

demand if it focuses on sustainability and efficiency as
opposed to concentrating solely on building more power
stations and refining facilities . High levels of pollution can be
a strong stimulus to developing a cleaner energy policy.

• The key factor in supply is energy resource endowment.

Some countries are relatively rich in domestic energy
resources while others are lacking and heavily reliant on
imports.
Physical factors affecting supply
• Deposits of fossil fuels are only found in a limited number of
locations.
• Solar energy needs a large number of days with strong sunlight.
• The availability of biomass varies widely according to climatic
conditions.

Economic
• The most accessible and low cost deposits are invariably developed
first.
• When energy prices rise significantly, companies increase spending
on exploration and develop.

Political
• Government may insist on energy companies producing a certain
proportion of their energy from renewable sources.
• Legislation regarding emissions from power stations will favor the
use of, for example ,low sulphur coal, as opposed to coal with a high
sulphur content.
 FACTORS LEADING TO THE CHANGES
IN USAGE OF ENERGY
• Technological development – e.g. nuclear electricity has only been available
since 1954. oil and natural gas can now be extracted from much deeper
waters than in the past. Renewable energy technology is advancing steadily.

• Changes in demand – at one time in all of Britain trains were powered by

coal and most people also used coal for heating in their homes.

• Increasing national wealth- as average incomes increase, living standards

improve which involves the increasing use of energy and the use of a greater
variety of energy sources.

• Changes in price- the relative price of the different types of energy can
influence demand.

• Environmental factors/public opinion – public opinion can influence

decisions made by governments. People today are much better informed
about environmental impacts of energy sources than they were in the past.
 Energy policy
Energy policy is the manner in which a given entity (often
governmental) has decided to address issues of energy development
including energy production, distribution and consumption. The
attributes of energy policy may include legislation, international
treaties, incentives to investment, guidelines for energy conservation,
taxation and other public policy techniques.

Factors influencing energy policy

• Level of development
• Capital
• Environmental concerns
• Targets
• Energy policy
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (EMS)

ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
Environmental degradation is any change or
disturbance to the environment apparent to be
harmful or undesirable causing a decrease of
quality. This can happen naturally e.g. erosion,
landslides, forest fires , floods or man made
pollution .

Pollution is the contamination of the

earth/atmosphere by people disposing of wastes.
Classification of pollution
• Land pollution
• Water pollution
• Air pollution
 Causes of Rural Environmental
Degradation
Rural environments have been degraded due to
• Population growth
• Increasing pressures on land
• Urban activities through processes such as climate change- by huge
urban industries and untreated waste water in major rivers, which can
contaminate estuaries and coastal fishing areas, and pollute drinking
water supplies of rural communities downstream.
• Population pressure also operates through other mechanisms.
Improper agricultural practices, for instance, occur only under
constraints such as the saturation of good lands under population
pressure which leads settlers to cultivate too shallow or too steep
soils, plough fallow land before it has recovered its fertility, or attempt
to obtain multiple crops by irrigating unsuitable soils.