 A highway pavement is a structure consisting of

superimposed layers of processed materials above

the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function
is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-
grade.
The ultimate aim is to ensure that the
transmitted stresses due to wheel load
are sufficiently reduced, so that they will
not exceed bearing capacity of the sub-
grade.
 Sufficient thickness
 Structurally strong
 Adequate coefficient of friction
 Smooth surface
 Produce least noise
 Dust proof surface
 Impervious surface
 Long design life with
low maintenance cost.
 Flexible pavements - wheel loads are transferred by
grain-to-grain contact of the aggregate through the
granular structure.
 Rigid pavements - wheel loads are transferred to sub-
grade soil by flexural strength of the pavement and the
pavement acts like a rigid plate
 Conventional flexible pavements - layered systems with
high quality expensive materials are placed in the top
where stresses are high, and low quality cheap materials
are placed in lower layers.
 Full - depth asphalt pavements - constructed by placing
bituminous layers directly on the soil sub-grade.
 Contained rock asphalt mats - constructed by placing
dense/open graded aggregate layers in between two
asphalt layers.
 Seal Coat: a thin surface treatment used to water-proof the surface and to provide
skid resistance.
 Tack Coat: a very light application of asphalt. It provides proper bonding between
two layer of binder course
 Prime Coat: an application of low viscous cutback bitumen to an absorbent
surface like granular bases on which binder layer is placed.
 They are usually constructed with dense graded asphalt
concrete.
 layer of material immediately beneath the surface of binder course
 provides additional load distribution
 may be composed of crushed stone, crushed slag, and other
untreated or stabilized materials.
Functions:
 provide structural support
 improve drainage
 serve as a filler between sub-grade and the base
course
 layer of natural soil prepared to receive the stresses
from the layers above.

 It regulates the location of the cracking caused by
dimensional changes in the slab.
 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement: plain cement concrete pavements constructed
with closely spaced contraction joints.

 Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement: Reinforcement help to keep the slab

together even after cracks.

 Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavement: is a type of concrete pavement that

does not require any transverse contraction joints.

 Pre-stressed concrete pavement: Designed and produced to be prestressed to

bear tensile forces caused by external loads by various live objects