Syncretic Use of Smart Meters

for Power Quality Monitoring

in Emerging Networks

Guide: Ajith Vijayan Anandu Sajeev

Asst. S7 EEE
professor Roll No. 10 1
EEE,MITS
CONTENTS
● Introduction
● Reliability of meter data
● Unbundled meter for PQ functionality
● SM for PQ assessment
● SM as RTU & SCADA/DMS support
● Data Communication
● Conclusion
● References

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Introduction

● Smart Meters are on the way to become ubiquitous

technology in active distribution networks.
● Although their functionalities are still
artificially kept limited , efforts has been made to integrate PQ Information to
it.
● PQ is a well-regulated field, with detailed standards and norms
in use.

● The main impediment in including calculation of PQ

parameters among the functionalities of a SM appears to
be their additional cost.
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 ● There have been only a few attempts to design low-cost PQ devices but
these fail to comply with the minimal requirements imposed.

● This paper deals with the normative framework of smart metering and IEC
standardization for PQ monitoring.

● proposes anarchitecture able to integrate new functionalities into existing

SM, with details on a new framework for PQ light assessment

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Reliability of Meter Data

● Meters have been designed to accurately measure the active and reactive
energy transferred from/to the end-user, prosumer or generation plant.

● With the increased complexity of the SM, some quality of service features
, and characteristics of the voltage waveform have been included.
● Modern meters can provide waveform measurements, with reporting rates
of upto 1 frame/s,representing the real-time values of voltage and current
(rms values), frequency, active and reactive power etc.
● The availability and accuracy of data within the meter has to be
verified;once the meter is metrologically tested and results show full
compliance with its declared functionality

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 ● In addition to the selected meter under test (DUT)ZMQ202/E850 of class
0.2S for active energy and of class 1 for reactive energy, a Smart Meter
eXtension (SMX)module , as part of the Unbundled Smart Meter
architecture (USM) has been used.
● The SMX equipment is a Linux machine, which reads using DLMS protocol
all relevant instrumentation values every second and stores them in
a text file, to be later processed.
● Complex testing program has been run, with fixed time window of one
minute, data reporting rate 1 frame/s and ensured steady state for the
energy transfer. Tables show the deviations of “internal” instrumentation
values recorded by SMX from the values reported by the reference
equipment.

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 ● For the DUT (meter of class 0.2S), all “internal” instrumentation values U
RMS , I RMS , P, and Q deviate from the reference value with a maximal
relative error less than 0.2%in all cases.
● Frequency had a maximal absolute error
of 0.01 Hz.
● The accuracy of instrumentation values within
the meter exceeds the measurement quality of Bay Control
Units (BCUs) or Remote Terminal Units (RTUs),

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Unbundled Smart Meter for PQ
Functionality
● Unbundled Smart Meter is a systematic framework where
SM functionalities are adequately grouped in two separate (unbundled)
components
● One for metrological / billing purposes, handling “hard real-time” function,
and called the Smart Metrology Meter (SMM).
● One Smart Meter eXtension (SMX) providing the flexibility needed for new
functionalities to be deployed during the meter lifetime, and to support
the future evolution of the Smart Grid and energy services
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● The SMX part of the meter design can be a full quad-core Linux machine able
to support parallel communication with different agents, to implement high data
security.

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SM for Power Quality

● Harmonics analysis methodologies which reduces computational power are

used.

● The algorithm is based on a full-chain linearization method.

● The idea is to simplify the derivation of most of the voltage characteristics of
electricity supplied by public electricity networks
● It is intended to have an estimation of P95% level of harmonics,more
computational effective, aiming to capture the nonlinear processes in both
existing and emerging power networks in
a straightforward way.

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● Selecting once per second a signal section consisting of 10 adjacent
fundamental periods.
● After each 200 ms there is enough time left for other computations.
● Time for computation can vary with frequency.
● Frequency measurement is synchronized (at least) once per second.
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● With this setup, according to Fig. 3, in 30 minutes the SM can process
1800 such 10T0 windows dispersed along the time axis allowing
P95%30min calculation f
● the P95% of 1800 10T0 windows gives P95%30min very near to the
reference value P95%30min_REF calculated from all 9000 windows,
with an error below 0.2% from U3
● %. This approach allows implementing a costless synchronization
between voltage characteristics in different SMs

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Smart Meters as RTU and SCADA/DMS
Support
● The high reporting rate (1 frame/s) of meter data (including the light PQ-
information) delivered at the DSO level enables implementation of
SCADA/DMS (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition/Distribution
Management System) functionality in emerging active distribution
networks.

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 ● In public IP-communication networks there are unpredictable delays during
the data collection
● Synchro-SCADA can be framed based on the
following guidelines:
(i) Unbundled Smart Meters are synchronized to the UTC,
with a recommended deviation of less than 1 second (usually
of 50-100 ms); this is easily supported by the SMX part of
USM, as this is a Linux machine with high accuracy NTS
functionality;
(ii) Communication delay is acknowledged by a “waiting
algorithm,” i.e., a complete synchronous set of data can be
then transferred to the SCADA/DMS system.

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Data Communication
● Huge volume of data to be analyzed and the
information to be delivered.
● When reporting supplementary information like steady-state signal indicator,
requirements can be fulfilled with rates below 256 byte/s.
● when other data exchange is considered, such as control signals, time
synchronization and features like encryption modules, digital signatures
etc.,data streaming volume is maximally doubled, i.e., with rates kept below
2 kB/s.
● In an IP based network with LTE technology the 2 kB/s
data can be considered as a very low traffic
for an economic approach, getting data at intervals of
1 minute, leads to monthly traffic below 50 MB or 100 MB,
which allows cheap, entry-level communication fees.
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Conclusion

● This paper proposes an alternative PQ-framed aggregation algorithm to be

implemented in modern Smart Meters.
● In this way smart metering becomes an enabler of real-time voltage control
required by modern active distribution grids.
● Light PQ assessment method can be implemented in SM, when the meter
has a modular (flexible) design.
● It paves the way to relate the delivered energy to its “quality” in that time
Interval.
● The synchro-SCADA functionality of the Unbundled Smart Meter allows
synchronous data acquisition by taking advantage of new chip sets for the
meters, using synchronous regrouping of measured data at SCADA-DMS
level.
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REFERENCES

● M. Sanduleac, M. Albu, J. Martins, M. D. Alacreu, and C. Stanescu,

“Power quality assessment in LV networks using new smart meters
design,” in Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Compat. Power Electron. (CPE),
Costa da Caparica, Portugal, Jun. 2015, pp. 106–112.
● CIGRE/CIRED/JWG C4.112, Guidelines for Power Quality
Monitoring—Measurement Locations, Processing and Presentation
of Data, 2014.
● New Smart Meter Design in Nobel Grid, IEEE Smart Grid
Newsletter. (Apr. 2015). Available: http://smartgrid.ieee.org/newsletter/
april-2015/new-smart-meter-design-in-nobel-grid

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Thank you

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