PHYSICAL

SCIENCE
 the sciences concerned
with the study of natural
objects, including physics,
chemistry, astronomy, and
related subjects.
Classify the
following materials!
Is this a sample
of matter?
Ummh..........
Yes or No?
What similarities
do you observe
among the given
samples?
 Does each
sample have a
measurable
mass?
Prove your answer
by demonstrating
how you measure
the mass of each
sample
Do you think
each sample
occupies
space?
How about smoke?
Does it have mass?
Does it occupy
space? Explain your
answer.
Do you think heat
and light have
mass? Do they
occupy space?
MATTER
What is a
MATTER?
 Matter
Everything that
has mass and
occupies space.
What are the
Properties of
Matter?
 Mass
-is a measure of the
amount of matter
the object has.
 The measure of
the space occupied
by an object is
called volume
 Other
Properties of
Matter
hardness
texture
color
flexibility
malleability
electrical conductivity
 What is
MATTER made
of?
Matter is made up of
very tiny particles,
microscopic particles
called ATOMS.
Discovering
structure of
atoms
ACTIVITY #1: ATOMS
Phases of Matter
Let's observe the
Properties
of Matter!
 Shape/Volume
 Compressibility
 Density
 Arrangement of Particles
 Movement of Particles
 Properties Solid Liquid Gas
Shape/Volume
Compressibility
Density
Arrangement of
Particles
Movement of
Particles
Example
1.How does the motion of rallyist resemble a
liquid?
2. How will you compare the behavior and
arrangement of gas molecules to a soccer
player running on a field?
3. How does the motion of atoms and molecules
in a solid resemble a movie theater full of
people?
 Properties Solid Liquid Gas
Shape/Volume has define shape and take the shape of takes the
volume the container and shape and
has definite volume volume of the
container
Compressibility noncompressible slightly highly
compressible compressible
Density high high low

Arrangement of very close close but random far apart and

random
Particles
Movement of Particles very slow moderately fast very fast

Example
Plasma
It is a hot ionized gas
that allows both the
positive charge ion and
negative charge electron
to coexist.
Plasma is strongly
influence by
electric and
magnetic fields.
 98% of the matter in the
universe is in plasma state.
 It is the most common and yet
least familiar state.
 It fills the interplanetary space.
Bose-Einstein
Condensate
(BEC)
 represent the
fifth state of
matter beyond
solid
BEC was predicted by Albert
Einstein and Satyendra Nath
Bose, and the concept of BEC
in gas was realized by Eric
Cornell and Carl Wieman in
1995.
Using a combination of lasers and
magnets, Eric Cornell and Carl
Weiman cooled a sample of
rubidium to within a few degrees of
absolute zero. At this extremely low
temperature, molecular motion
comes very close to stopping
altogether.
Since there is almost no kinetic
energy being transferred from
one atom to another, the atoms
begin to clump together. There
are no longer thousands of
separate atoms, just one “super
atom.”
A BEC is used to study
quantum mechanics on a
macroscopic level. Light
appears to slow down as it
passes through a BEC, allowi
study of the particle/wave
paradox.
Particles
of
Matter
Matter and its
particles are
viewed in
chemistry in three
dimensions.
 Macroscopic
 Microscopic
 Submicroscopic
 Macroscopic
It is a concrete level
corresponding to
observable things.
 Microscopic
This level deals with the
observation of things that
are smaller than those that
can be observed
macroscopically.
 Submicroscopic
It is a abstract level
corresponds to phenomena
that cannot be observed
directly, but can explained and
proven by experimental
evidence.
This view is used to form a
concepts, theories, and
principles that are used as
bases to explain what are
observed at the microscopic
and microscope levels.
Phase Changes
of Matter
 The
transformation
from one state to
another.
Change of phase
occurs when
energy changes.
Heat, is a form of energy,
is either absorbed
(endothermic) or release
(exothermic) by a
substance during a phase
change.
 Phase Process and Explanation
Changes Energy Change
Solid to liquid Melting Heat is needed to
- Heat is absorbed break the attractive
(endothermic) forces between solid
particles.
Liquid to gas Evaporation Heat is needed to
- Heat is absorbed break the attractive
(endothermic) forces between liquid
particles.
When an ice cube is
placed in a glass of
water, it melts? Why?
Liquid to Solid Freezing Heat is evolved to form
- Heat is evolved solid particles.
(exothermic)

Gas to liquid Condensation Heat is evolved to form a

- Heat is evolved liquid particles.
(exothermic)

Solid to gas Sublimation Heat is needed to break

- Heat is absorbed the solid particles as it
(endothermic) sublimes.
Substance
It is composed of one
type of particle that
cannot be separeted
by physical means.
It have definite
compositions and distinct
properties. Substances are
composed of elements in
their pure form.
Two Characteristics
of
Substance
1. It has its own
properties by which
it can be recognized
2. It cannot be separated
further into two different
substances by any
physical technique.
 Substance

Elements Compoun
d
 ELEMENTS
 It is composed of only one type of
atoms.
 It is a substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances
by ordinary chemical means.
 one or two letters are used
as symbols to represent each
of the elements.
 The first letter in a two-
letter symbol is always
capitalized.
 The symbols of
some elements are
derived from their
Latin names.
 Compound
 It is composed of two or
more elements that are
combined chemically in
fixed proportions by mass.
Chemical bonds are
forces that hold atoms
together in a molecule
or compound.
 Example
of
Compounds
 H2O (water)
 NaCl
 C6H12O6 (sugar)
 NaHCO3
 CO2
 CaCl2
 NaHCO3