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VARIABLE
a measurable characteristics that
changes in value
anything that may assume varied
numerical or categorical values
Example: sex, socio-economic
status, educational attainment
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Types of Variables
•Continuous Variable
a variable that can take infinite
number on the value that can occur
within the population
Its values can be divided into fractions
Example: age, height, temperature
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 Types of Variables

•Discrete Variable
a categorical or classificatory values
Values cannot be divided into
fractions
Example: sex, blood group, number
of children in the family.

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 Types of Variables

•Types of Continuous Variables

Interval variable – a measurement
where the difference between two
values does have meaning.
Example: Temperature
60° − 50° = 30° − 20°
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 Types of Variables

•Types of Continuous Variables

Ratio variable – possesses the
properties of interval variable and has
a clear definition of zero, indication
that there is none of that variable.
Example: height, weight, distance
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 Types of Variables

•Types of Discrete Variables

Nominal variable – a variable with
no value. It has two or more categories
but does not imply ordering of cases.
Example: eye color, business type,
religion
Dichotomous – has only 2 categories
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 Types of Variables

•Types of Discrete Variables

Ordinal variable – a variable that has
two or more categories which can be
ranked.
Example: in educational attainment
1 – elementary graduate 3 – college undergraduate
2 – secondary graduate 4 - college graduate
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 Types of Variables

•Dependent Variable
also called outcome variable
the result or effect of the changes
brought about by another variable

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 Types of Variables

•Independent Variable
also called cause variable
the one responsible for the
conditions that bring about
changes

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 Types of Variables

•In a certain study, a group of students

was subjected to aroma therapy using
essential oils while reading and another
group read under normal conditions, then
after a month both groups took a reading
comprehension test.
Identify the dependent and independent
variable
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Write I, N, R or O (I-interval,
N-nominal, R-ratio, O-ordinal)
1. Military title
2. Temperature
3. Birthplace
4. Year level
5. Favorite type of music
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Write I, N, R or O (I-interval,
N-nominal, R-ratio, O-ordinal)
6. Clothing such as hat, shirt,
shoes
7. Score in 5-item quiz
8. Feeling for today
9. Means of transportation
10. How internet is used at home
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Identify the dependent and
independent variable
Organizational Commitment and
Teaching Performance of Elementary
Teachers in the District of Santa Fe
•Independent:__________________
•Dependent: __________________
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