Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Mollusca: Molluscs

By:
Balbutan, Sheryl
Asuque, Marimar
Macalagay,John Carlo
Matienzo, Morgan
Phylum Mollusca includes of soft bodied
invertebrate animals such as snails, slugs, mussels,
clams, oysters, tusk shells, squid, octopus, and
nautili etc.,

SLUGS CLAMS

SNAIL MUSSELS
OYSTER TUSK SHELL SQUID

OCTOPUS NAUTILI
• Mollusca is the second largest phylum after “Arthropoda”
• Many species have a calcareous shell.
• they have well-developed excretory, digestive, respiratory
and circulatory systems.
• Molluscs are bilaterally symmetrical, although some have
secondarily lost the symmetry in part.
• Circulatory systems is open.
4 CLASSES OF LIVING MOLLUSKS
 1. Class Bivalvia:

• This class is characterized by a hinged shell with right and left halves
• It covers the visceral mass S
• the foot extends out between the shells and is used for locomotionOF
• The bivalves lack a radula. L
• Familiar bivalves include
mussels, clams, and oysters.

IVING MOLLUSKS
 2. Class Polyplacophra

• The chitons are characterized by an elliptical body shell

• It is composed of eight plates.
• Lives in rocky region
• It is an Herbivore
 3. Class Gastropoda

• Visceral mass is contained in a spirally coiled shell

• There is a distinct head with one or two pairs of tentacles
• The foot is large and flat.
• This group includes the snails and slugs.
 4. Cephalopoda

• Members of this group have a prominent head

• It has complex eyes and eight to ten (or more)
tentacles surrounding the mouth
• The shell may be internal or external.
• This group includes the squids and octopus.
II. DISTRIBUTION MOUNTAINS

● They range in distribution

from terrestrial mountain tops

● To the hot vents HOT VENTS

● Cold seeps of the deep sea

● Between sand and grains.

COLD SEEP
I. Characteristics Features of Phylum Mollusca

●They are bilaterally symmetrical

● They are triploblastic, which has three layers;
● The body is soft and unsegmented.
• They show organ system grade of organisation
• Body has 3 regions; head, visceral mass, and vental foot.
• covered by a mantle and shell.
• The body has haemocoel.
• Nervous system is made up of paired
ganglia, connectives, and nerves
• Circulatory system is open, with heart and aorta.
Organ system
The body has haemocoel, through
which blood circulates. Nervous system is made up of paired
ganglia, connectives, and nerves
• Digestive system is well developed and complex
• Respiration occurs through gills calls ctenidia.
• The vental muscular foot helps in locomotion.
• They have a pair of kidneys (metanephridia)
• Most mollusks has radula
Digestive system is well developed and complex.
Respiration occurs through gills calls ctenidia.
The vental muscular foot helps in locomotion.

It has radula, which is a rasping

structure that has chitinous teeth use
for feeding.
HOW DO MOLLUSK REPRODUCE?
 IV. REPRODUCTION

• Most mollusks require sexual reproduction

• Reproduction of a mollusks may vary depending on their
classification
• The mollusk life cycle is relatively complex for such a
simple creature and it varies greatly among different
classifications
OCTOPUS

● The male octopus places his tentacle inside the female's

cavity
● He will inserts a sperm packet.
● He then dies.
● The female octopus will lay 50 to 100 eggs and carries them
around in the area between her tentacles .
Oysters

● Oysters spawn with the female releasing eggs and the

male releasing sperm.
● After six hours, a fertilized egg develops into a free-
swimming.
● Within a few weeks, the shelled larva develops a foot
and settles to the bottom of the water
● Will attach itself to a hard surface
SNAILS

● Two adult snails--both of whom usually have both

male and female reproductive organs--will mate
● Both will produce fertilized eggs.
● The eggs are deposited into the soil and will remain
there for about four weeks before hatching.
 WHAT DOES A MOLLUSK EAT?

-Mollusks eat many types of foods depending on their species.

Many mollusks that have their body between two shells are
herbivores, they mainly feed on algae.
Squids and octopuses are predators and feed on fish and other
sea creatures.
The mollusk snails are mixed with herbivores and carnivores.
ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS
 ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

• Mollusks are considered excellent ecological indicators, they

provide a window into the health of entire ecosystems
• Land snails play vital roles in recycling forest nutrients.
• Freshwater snails also provide food for fish
• recyclers of plant and animal waste, essentially keeping water
clean and healthy
 IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS

• Mollusks produce a wide range of biotoxins and metabolites

that are used in medical research.
• Mollusks provide a sensitive tool for monitoring environmental
health.
• Mollusks may be useful as indicators of conservation needs.
• Many species of mollusks are commercially exploited for
human consumption.
THREATHS AND CONSERVATION STATUS
 THREATS AND CONSERVATION STATUS
 In spite of their large numbers, mollusk populations are
declining locally and globally, as suggested by an increasing
number of studies:
Why are populations of mollusks declining?
1. Human activities

► Direct habitat
destruction
► Forest clearing
► Dam construction
► Pollution
2. Introduction of
non-native or exotic
species, intentional or
not.
A snail philosopher once said…
REFERENCES

 https://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/parent.html
 https://sciencing.com/what-eats-mussels-4964157.html
 https://sciencing.com/characteristics-mussels-7661466.html
 https://sciencing.com/mollusk-life-cycle-5349246.html
 https://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_2/307am-mollusca.html
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/phylum-mollusca/
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/phylum-mollusca/
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/phylum-mollusca/
 https://www.google.com/search?ei=n0lSXdKcDIP6wAPJrrr4AQ&q=phylum+mollusca+major+char
acteristics&oq=mollusca+phylum+major+&gs_l=psy-
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