B.Lifting Equipment Selection 230119

LIFTING
SUPERVISOR
LIFTING EQUIPMENT SELECTION
PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 1

LIFTING
EQUIPMENT
Cranes
2
Definitions
 Crane – Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and
lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treads
 Hoist - Used to lift and lower load.
 Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member
supporting the hoisting tackle
 Boom stops – A device used to limit the angle of the boom
at its highest position
 Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power
 Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook,
eye and strap
 Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide
added boom length for lifting specified loads.
3
CRANE - Standard
GENERAL TYPE
 PEDESTAL CRANE ( ASME B 30.4)
 MOBILE CRANE ( ASME B 30.5)
 CRAWLER CRANE ( ASME B30.5)
 OVERHEAD/GANTRY CRANE (ASME B30.3,
B30.17)
 TOWER CRANE (ASME B30.3, B30.4)
4
Information Required
 ID Number
 Specification
 Manufacture Certificate
 Safe Working Load Chart/Load Table
 Operation Manual Book
 Maintenance Manual Book
 Part Book.

SELECTION OF
CRANES
PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR Page 6

SELECTION OF CRANES
The selection of cranes shall be considered during the establishment of
lifting plan and prior the lifting operation, following operational
parameters shall be considered:
mass of the load; dimensions of the load; characteristics of the load;
operational speeds; operational range of radii throughout the load
cycle; heights of lifts;
number and frequency of the load cycle;
duration of the time a crane will be required; ground conditions;
environmental conditions;
clearances to overhead electrical power lines; clearances to
structures;
access to and egress from crane;
any special operational conditions or limitations;

Crane Introduction
Stability and Mechanical Principles
A crane uses its counterweight to balance the load being lifted around
the fulcrum (tipping point) allowing it to remain stable, and therefore
safely lift the load, so long as the crane’s leverage is greater than the
load’s leverage (moment) on the crane.
It is critical that the Crane Operator not only knows the weight of the
load, but also the exact radius of the load.
Other critical factors, which can effect the safe operation of a crane, for
example:
◦ Environmental conditions such as wind, extreme heat and cold
◦ Grounding Conditions, such as voids, underground services, load
spreading
◦ Amplification factors such as shock loading, significant wave height,
etc.

CRANE BOOM TYPE
 LATTICE BOOM
 BOOM BOX
 TELESCOPIC
 KNUCKLE BOOM
9
Type of Cranes
Crawler Crane
Crawler cranes are mounted on an undercarriage with a set of endless
tracks, commonly known as crawlers that provide for both the stability
and the mobility of the crane.
Crawler cranes can range in lifting capacity from 10 tonnes to in excess

of a 1200 tonnes, with the most common capacities being between 30
and 150 tonnes

Type of Cranes
Truck Mounted Cranes
A truck-mounted crane is one that the crane upper works,
or “superstructure”, is mounted onto a truck or lorry
chassis, either with or without a sprung suspension system.
It is also important to remember that Hiabs are included in

this category of crane and may not always be fitted with a
Rated Capacity Indicator, which must be taken into
consideration during the risk assessment process.

Truck Mounted Crane

Type of Cranes
Rough Terrain Cranes
Rough Terrain cranes are mounted on a high chassis or undercarriage
with large rubber tyres. They are designed for static and “pick and
carry” operations and for “off-road” and “rough terrain” applications,
making them ideal as semi-permanent site cranes.

Type of Cranes
All Terrain Cranes
These are telescopic mobile cranes with the necessary specification of the
chassis and running gear to enable travel at normal road speeds, as well as on
rough terrain at the job site. These machines are manufactured with all-wheel
and crab steering, height adjustable and lockable suspension systems and have
multi-axle drive with lockable differentials
This type of crane can operate on full, intermediate and retracted outriggers,
and may have duties for “on-rubber”, which are static duties and not pick and
carry duties.

Type of Cranes
Pedestal Cranes
The next group are pedestal cranes. As the name suggest, these are
cranes that are mounted on raised platforms or pillars, known as
pedestals. This is the configuration commonly seen on offshore
installations throughout the world, and although usually fitted with a
lattice type jib, increasingly knuckle jib cranes are becoming more
available, both offshore and on marine vessels

Type of Cranes
Tower Cranes
This is a modern form of balance crane. In general, tower cranes offer
the best combination of height and lift capacity and are mostly used in
the construction of tall structures and buildings.

Type of Cranes
Heavy Lift Barge or Vessel Cranes
These are generally used for offshore construction with the largest
being semi-submersible types, which offer increased stability. The crane
is usually mounted on a pedestal allowing the crane to rotate but there
are also sheer-leg type cranes, where the crane is fixed and cannot
rotate, and therefore the vessel has to manoeuvre to position loads.

Type of Cranes
Spider Cranes
Spider cranes or mini cranes offer a wide range of applications, being
specifically designed for confined and restricted access operations.
These cranes are commonly used for glass installations, internal lifting,
rooftop maintenance, plant maintenance, steel installation, in between
floor operations, etc. They can be controlled either from an onboard
Operators seat or by remote control.

Type of Cranes
Knuckle Boom
The other commonly seen
boom type is the knuckle
boom, as seen on lorry loaders,
for example Atlas, Hiab and
Palfinger types, but also on
much larger marine cranes on
board vessels. Similar in cross
section to square or
rectangular shaped boom,
these are more usually of a
simpler construction with
effectively welded and sealed
rather than having telescoping
sections.

Type of Cranes
Knuckle Boom
It should be noted that the radius and boom length are
different from the standard fixed length boom, and the
boom is strongest with the second section hanging vertically
down.

Type of Cranes
Ballast and Superlift
The crane ballast or
counterweight is critical in
ensuring crane stability.
Imagine a child’s seesaw or
teeter-totter with an adult’s
weight on one end, which
counteracts the weight of
the child on the other.

Type of Cranes
Ballast and Superlift
Where the crane is fitted

with a Rated Capacity
Limiter, the input into this
system must be correct for
the amount of
counterweight and the boom
configuration and it must
relate to the configuration
and capacities shown on the
appropriate load chart

PARTS OF
CRANE

CRANE PARTS
1
2
3
23 4
5
22
21 6
7
20
19 8
9
18
17
16
15
14
13
12 10
11

Crane Introduction
Guyed Jibs
To increase the capacities of
large telescopic jib cranes,
various mobile crane
manufacturers have
developed systems that
counteract the jib deflection
involved when lifting with
long telescopic jib
configurations.
When not in use and when
travelling by road, the mast
fold down on top of the jib.

Crane Introduction
Lattice or Strut Jib Design
This type, depending on the
currently used terminology is
comprised of several bolted
or pinned together sections
that are constructed from
lightweight, thin walled
steels. Most use tubular
components but there are
manufacturers that prefer to
use angle or hollow square
section steel.

Crane Introduction
Fixed or Luffing Fly Jibs
Lattice type jib sections are
also commonly used as “fly
jib”. This is the name given to
the jib extension sections
that can be fixed onto the
end of telescopic or lattice
jibs and will be either “fixed
fly jibs” or “luffing fly jibs”

Crane Introduction
Hook blocks
A crane or sheave block is a frame that encloses one or more sheaves and is
usually provided with a swivel hook that allows for the attachment of the load
An overhaul or headache ball is fitted to the fast line or whip line and typically
consists of a swivel hook, a weighted body and a wire rope connection point

Crane Introduction
Limiting and Indicating Devices
Indicating devices are used to relay real time information and to warn the
operator, either visually or audibly, that the crane may be approaching its
set limits or an unsafe situation. If there is a risk of overloading or tipping a
crane, it should be fitted with a Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI), Automatic
Safe Load Indicator (ASLI), Load Moment Indicator (LMI), or Load Limiting
Device.
◦ A rated capacity limiter prevents overloading of the crane by stopping all
relevant crane functions when an overload is detected.
◦ Motion limiting devices can trigger braking, deceleration and stopping
◦ Gross Overload or Over Moment Protection System, Ultimate Protection
System, or an emergency load or hook release, or lowering device
◦ Load moment indicators or rated capacity indicators measure and display
the weight of the load being lifted
◦ Radius indicator, which should be fitted to all cranes.

Crane Introduction
Load Indicators
Common Names:
MIPEG : Brand Name (Micro Processor Engineering Group)
SLI : Safe Load Indicator
ASLI : Automatic Safe Load Indicator
RCL : Rated Capacity Limiter
RCI : Rated Capacity Indicator
LMI : Load Moment Indicator
LML : Load Moment Limiter
Load / Radius Chart
Boom Radius Indicator
Rated capacity limiters and indicator shall be provided on all cranes
having a rated capacity of 1000 kg or above (BS EN 12077-2)

Crane Introduction
Load Indicators

Crane Introduction
Load Capacity Indicators
The most important thing to
remember is that a crane is rated
according to the maximum load it
can lift at the minimum radius,
usually just over the tail.
This capacity reduces drastically as
the operating radius increases

Crane Introduction
Safety Devices
Lowering
Limit trip to prevent running the hoist rope completely off the drum which would cause
the loss of the rope and hook block (and load)
Slewing
Limit sometimes fitted but if not, care still has to be exercised by the operator and by
you if you are signalling / guiding the crane
Additional Limits and Indicator
◦ Control Station Limiter
◦ Motion / travelling / work space limiter
◦ Slack wire limiter
◦ Telescopic limiter
◦ Crane level indicator
◦ Wind speed: wind socks and anemometer
◦ Sea state
GOP = Gross Overload Protection System

Crane Introduction
Load Indicators
Visual alarm to start at not
less than 90% and not more
than 97.5% of load for a
given radius / sea state
Audible alarm to start at not
less than 102.5% and not
more than 110% of load for a
given radius / sea state

Crane Introduction
Safety Devices
Any motion which has a
designed or user restriction,
shall be provided with a
motion limiter

Crane Introduction
Safety Devices
Jibbing Up / Luffing Up
Limits to prevent the jib or
boom coming into contact with
the back stops Jibbing Down /
Luffing Down
Limit to prevent the jib angle
becoming less than
approximately 150 to the
horizontal.
Hoisting
Limit trip to prevent the hook
block being pulled through the
sheaves, i.e. , anti two block
limit

LOAD
CHART

Basic Crane Sizing Chart
t/m 7m 8m 9m 10m 12m 14m 16m 18m 20m 22m 24m 26m 28m 30m 32m 34m 36m 38m 40m 42m 44m 46m 48m 50m 52m 54m
0.5t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 25t 25t 35t 35t 50t 50t 70t 70t 80t 80t 80t 90t 120t 120t 120t 120t
1t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 20t 25t 25t 35t 35t 50t 50t 60t 70t 70t 70t 80t 80t 90t 100t 120t 120t 120t 120t

Basic Crane Sizing Chart
t/m 7m 8m 9m 10m 12m 14m 16m 18m 20m 22m 24m 26m 28m 30m 32m 34m 36m 38m 40m 42m 44m 46m 48m 50m 52m 54m
27t 80t 80t 90t 100t 120t 160t 160t 200t 225t 250t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t 800t 800t
28t 80t 80t 90t 100t 120t 160t 200t 200t 225t 250t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t 800t
29t 80t 90t 100t 100t 160t 160t 200t 225t 250t 250t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t 800t
30t 80t 90t 100t 100t 160t 160t 200t 225t 250t 300t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t 800t
33t 90t 100t 100t 120t 160t 160t 225t 225t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t
36t 100t 100t 120t 160t 160t 200t 225t 250t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t 800t
37t 100t 100t 120t 160t 160t 200t 225t 300t 300t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 400t 500t 500t 800t 800t 800t

Mobile Crane Duty Charts
Example of Duty Chart for 55 Te All Terrain Crane with full counter
weight 12 t, fully extended out rigger for main boom duties

Example of Duty Chart for 55 Te All Terrain Crane with full counter
weight 12 t, fully extended out rigger for 9,5 m fly jib duties

Example of Duty Chart for 35 Te All Terrain Crane showing lifting
capacities with variable ballast and tyre widths for free on wheels
(F.O.W) duties

Mobile Crane Range Diagram
Example of Range Diagram
for 55 Te All Terrain Crane
showing the hook heights &
full counter weight SWL’s for
main boom & fly jib
configurations

General Note for Duty Chart
Load Chart Reductions:-
At all times the weight of the hook block and all other load handling
accessories is considered part of the load and suitable allowance for
them should be made.
Where a crane has twin hoist facility two hook blocks my be fitted. An
allowance for the combined weight of both hook blocks should be
made.
Where a crane carries a fly jib stowed on the main boom (under slung
or side mounted) the safe working load should be reduced to allow
for the additional weight.
This is not the case however with cranes manufactured by Tadano,
Kato, Kobelco and PPM, where safe working load has been calculated
with the fly jib carried in the stowed position.

Chart Notes:-
DIN/ISO: The structural analysis is based on DIN 15018, part 2 and 3
as well as on FEM 5004 standards.
Tipping conditions are governed by DIN 15019, part 2 and ISO 4305
standards. They also take into account the requirements of EN 13000:
2010 and there fore comply with the requirements of the EU
Machinery Directive & do not exceed 75% of the overturning load
limit.
For the DIN/ISO load charts, depending in boom length, crane
operation may be permissible at wind velocities of up to 10 m/s.

Chart Notes:-
Lifting capacities are given in metric tonnes. (1,000 kg)
The lifting capacities for the telescopic boom only apply if the fly jib is
taken off.
The working radius is the horizontal distance form the center of
rotation to the center of the freely suspended non – oscillating load.
For outrigger operation ALL outrigger shall be equally extended with
the wheels clear of the ground before raising the boom or lifting
loads.
All capacities are for the crane on firm, level surface. It will be
necessary to have structural support under the jack floats to spread
the outrigger loads.

MOBILE CRANE
SET UP

PERSONNEL COMPETENCY
 Crane Project Planning Personnel;
 Shall be appropriately familiar with the capabilities and limits
of the plant & equipment they are planning operations for.
 Should be appropriately qualified; such as dogging, rigging,
crane operation and/or engineering capabilities.
 Crane Crews;
 Three Stage Process: Training Competency
Familiarization
 Should be trained and provided with continual learning,
training and refresher in chosen occupation.
 Shall be appropriately qualified; such as dogging, rigging and
crane operation.
 Should be formally familiarized upon the plant and
equipment they are working with and operating

PRE-JOB PLANNING &
INSPECTION
 Responsible Contractors;
 Mobile Crane Hire Contractors shall have in place
a means of planning (or delegation of) with all
operations.
 This may be in the place of documented
procedures of lifting operations, or the absorbing
of principal contractor arrangements.
 A form of auditing, control and review should be in
place for documented procedures.

PRE-JOB PLANNING &
INSPECTION
 Planning Aspects;
 Planning should reflect Cranes Safe Use
guidelines Aspects to be considered prior include;
o Typical Lift Planning characteristics such as
radius, load, physical obstructions – incl.
overhead & underground.
o Access in, around and exiting from site for
crane and associated transport.
o Suitable area for rigging of crane, including
associated equipment.

CORRECT EQUIPMENT
 Equipment
Allocation;
 The correct crane and
equipment for the
task shall be selected
by a competent
person in accordance
with the planning
process.
 A “larger‟ crane may
not always be a safer
option.

ARRIVAL ONSITE AND
REVIEW
 Key points to observe prior to establishing to site include:
 Access roads are available and are soundly constructed with
suitable entry points to site.
 The workplace is adequately prepared for the incoming mobile
crane, including where possible a clear predefined area/crane
pad for the crane to position upon.
 Desired setup area should also be level, unless prior
consultation has been made with the supplier of the crane.

ONSITE PLANNING
 Crew should always inspect site prior to positioning crane in
final position;
 Elements to observe include:
 Load location and scope of lift.
 Location of any overhead obstructions including; wires, trees,
buildings, restricted airspace (i.e. Near airport).
 Location of any underground services and/or trenches,
including utilities and drainage arrangements that may affect
integrity of ground.
 Adequate room for rigging and erection of the mobile crane
(i.e. Support trucks, fly jibs).
 Adequate tail (counterweight/winch) swing clearance.
 Ability to cordon off area with suitable barricading resources.

OUTRIGGER SET-UP
 Outrigger Operation;
 Outriggers should only be extended on the side where the
operator is positioned or with suitably located spotter.
 Where space permits, outriggers shall always be fully
extended.
 Where space is limited, crane should be configured to
maximum capacity – this may require the use of reduced
outriggers or on rubber; when permitted by the
manufacturer.
 Outriggers shall always be extended to manufacturers
procedures and specifications, including the requirement to
fit manual pins.

OUTRIGGER SET-UP
 Outrigger Operation (cont’d…)
 All outriggers/jacks should be utilized at all times (i.e.. front
jack).
 Generally, Standard Safe Working Load capacity charts are
based on all outriggers fully extended and set with the
wheels clear of the ground.

Outrigger Packing
 Additional packing should always be utilized under outrigger floats
(exceptions may include engineered setups where other means of
distributing load are adopted).
 Commonly Used (steel fabricated or otherwise) “Outrigger Mats‟ should
carry design information and be subject to periodic inspection.
 When Timber Packing is utilized, it should be in “pig-sty‟ packing
arrangement.
 “Rule of Thumb‟ formula and calculations should be observed;
 Bearing Capacities of ground shall be sourced from Engineering / Site

Personnel or alternatively sourced via conducted onsite assessment.
 Accurate Outrigger Loadings are desirable for engineered and complicated
setups.

Trial Operation
 Once crane is elevated and
level, a trial operation should be
completed by the operator; this
may include:
 Luffing Boom to high angle,
and slewing 3600 with
spotter in position – Purpose
to review tail swing and
outrigger packing suitability.
 Executing “dry-run‟ where
load is required to be picked
up and placed – Purpose to
ensure crane is capable of
task and set required limits.

SAFE CONTINUAL OPERATION
 Continual Safe Operation can be aided by periodic inspection
throughout the project of the following;
o Outrigger Jacks – Leaking Oil / retraction of shaft.
o Outrigger Mats – excessive settlement and/or sinking into
ground; i.e.. Loadings increasing beyond estimated capacity
of ground – such as unknown back-filling.
o Outrigger Floats – Cracking or critical damage.
o Evidence of water content in ground – i.e.. Potential ruptured
pipeline.
 Should requirements change during operation, then crew shall
review crane capacity and wider environment to ensure revised
work practice is within limits and safe to continue operation.

SAFE COMPLETION
 Upon completion of project, or specific stage the crane,
equipment and site shall be left in secure and safe manner.
 If crane is to be left onsite;
o Retract Boom, remove keys from the ignition and secure /
lock.
o (Outriggers should be inspected prior to next use).
o Barricading should remain in place around and crane and
any work area deemed necessary.

POSITIONING
THE CRANE

Positioning the crane
The two main hazards when setting up cranes are:
◦ Ground Condition (Its ability to support the load)
◦ Overhead Power Cables (Proximity hazard)

Proximity Hazards
Cranes working in close proximity to overhead power lines should be
positioned no closer than a distance equal to the length of crane boom
plus 15 m (50 ft), measured along the ground. This may reduced 10 m
(30 ft) if the cables are supported on wooden or concrete poles. Always
inform and consult with the electricity company when working close to
overhead power lines

Proximity Hazards

Proximity Hazards
If the crane makes contact with live electric line or cable,
observe the following precautions (Ref: BS7121 Safe Use of
Cranes):
a) Remain inside cab.

b) Warn all other personnel to keep away from the crane and
not to touch any part of the crane, rope or load.
c) Try, unaided, and without anyone approaching the machine,
to move the crane until it is clear of the power line or cable.
d) If the machine cannot be moved away, remain inside the cab.
If possible, get someone to inform the electricity supply
authority at once. Take no action until it has been confirmed
that the conditions are safe.

Proximity Hazards
If the crane makes contact with live electric line or cable, observe the
following precautions (Ref: BS7121 Safe Use of Cranes):…cont’d…
e) If it is essential to leave the cab because of fire or some
other reason, jump clear as far away from the crane as
possible. Do not touch the crane and the ground at the
same time.
f) Inform the responsible engineer of the works or
authority concerned of the situation immediately, and
until assistance is received someone should remain
near the crane to warn of the danger.






Outriggers
Many crane incidents have occurred because the crane or outriggers
were not set-up properly with the following causing or contributing to
the failure or collapse:
◦ Failure to extend the outriggers fully
◦ Not extending all outriggers
◦ Failure to lift the crane wheels of the ground
◦ Allowing non-authorised personnel to operate the crane
◦ Not accounting for poor ground conditions
◦ Failure to level the crane
Therefore, it is essential that outriggers are set according
to the manufacturer’s operating instructions and the crane
duty chart

Outriggers
Ensure there are no dangers
to or from underground
services e.g.:
◦ Gas mains
◦ Oil or chemical product
pipelines
◦ Electric Cables
◦ Water mains
◦ Drains

Outrigger
Ideally the ground would be firm and level, but if it wasn’t,
then special measures would have to be taken to spread the
load from the outriggers.

Location & Position
Additional care has to be
taken when working near
exposed edges such as
quaysides but even more so,
near the edges of
excavations. Check that the
type of concrete or soil can
withstand the bearing
pressures transmitted
through the outriggers when
the crane is lifting it’s
heaviest load.

Outrigger Load Path
The outrigger load enters the supporting surface at 450 so
it’s imperative that the outrigger is positioned no closer to
the edge of the excavation than a distance slightly greater
than the depth of the excavation

Outrigger Load Path
If the horizontal distance (d2) is ever less than the depth
(d1), there is a danger of the side of the excavation
collapsing

Outrigger Loadings Worst Case Simple
Explanation
It is possible when the crane is lifting a load for up to 75% of

the total crane rigged weight plus all of the lifted load
weight to go through any outrigger jack when the laden
boom is over it. In order to calculate the correct area of
structural support for each outrigger jack the following page
illustrates the fail-safe method to be used.
In order to calculate the correct area of crane structural

supports for each outrigger jack the Allowable Bearing
Pressure of the ground needs to be determined by
Responsible Party (Owner/Client)

Explanation
LADEN UNLADEN

Explanation
1. Loading from the crane is resisted by the 2. As the jib is slewed around until it is over
ground pressure under the tracks. If the jib the end of one track the pressure increases
in line with the tracks there will be an equal under that track
triangular or trapezoidal loading under each
rack

Explanation
3. If the jib continues to slew until it is at 4. With no load on the hook block, the
right angles to the tracks the pressure now pressure may be higher under the rear of
becomes a rectangular distribution with the the tracks due to the counterweight
track nearest to the load having the
greatest pressure

Crane Mat Area Calculation
Stage 1. Gross Load Calculation
 Net Load = The weight of load without any additions

 Lifting Accessories = The weight of the lifting accessories or lifting
gears to connect the load with the crane hook which include
shackles, wire rope sling, chain sling, webbing sling, eyebolt,
spreader bar, lifting beam, containers etc.
 Hook Block = The weight of the pulley attached to the crane hook
which is suspended in the fall (s) of the load hoisting rope.
 Stored Fly Jib = The weight affect to an extension attached to the
boom point

Stage 2. Crane Selection
 Crane Selected Mode and Capacity = Crane Manufacturer and Model
(for example Liebherr LTM 1200)& Crane Maximum Capacity (200 Te)
 Counter Weight Used = Weight of Counter Weight for the lifting
operation
 Boom Length Used = The boom length distance for the lifting
operation
 Length & angle of Fly Jib (if used) = The length of Fly Jib and Angle of
Fly Jib
 Maximum Radius = The maximum horizontal measurement distance
between centre of rotation of the crane to the vertical line through
centre of the hook block or load

Stage 2. Crane Selection
 SWL at Radius used = Maximum gross load could be lifted by lifting
appliance at specific radius and specific counter weight and outrigger
configuration
 Minimum radius used = The minimum horizontal measurement
distance between centre of rotation of the crane to the vertical line
through centre of the hook block or load
 Outrigger spread = the configuration or area of outrigger attached to
the crane

Stage 3. Mat Calculation template
 Rigged weight of Crane plus additional Ballast = Total weight of crane

plus counter weight
 Gross Load = Total Load from stage 1
 Divided by Allowable Ground Bearing Pressure = Depend on the type
of the soil and condition of soil (Dry or Wet)
 Minimum are of Mat Required = Total pressure at one outrigger
divided by Allowed GBP
 Actual Area of Mat to be used = Available Mat Area on the market as
per table provided
 Mat Size = Crane Mat Configuration available at Market

Stage 4. Actual Bearing Pressure under selected Mat
 Resulting Loading = Maximum point loading at Stage 3
 Actual Area of Mat used = Area of Mat as per Stage 3
 Result loading = Maximum point of Loading divided by

Area of Mat used

Typical Outrigger Mat Sizes & Areas
Mat Size (m) Mat Material Thickness (mm) Area (m2)

0.76 x 0.76 Nylon 50 0.58
0.9 Diameter Nylon 50 0.64
1.2 Diameter Nylon 50 1.13
1.2 x 1.2 Alumunium 38 1.44
1.5 x 1.5 Alumunium 50 2.25
2.0 x 1.25 Steel 200 2.5
2.4 x 1.2 Steel 200 2.88
2.0 x 1.5 Steel 250 3.0
2.0 x 2.0 Steel 250 4.0
2.5 x 2.5 Steel 250 6.25
4.0 x 1.70 Steel 250 6.8
3.0 x 2.50 Steel 250 7.5

OUTRIGGER FOUNDATION AREA
PRESSURE = LOAD LOAD = 33 tonnes
AREA
Diam.
450mm
LOAD = 33 tonnes or
Radius
AREA of MAT 225mm
=
LENGTH X WIDTH
0.76 m x 0.76 m 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 𝐿 33 𝑇𝑒
P= = = = 51.6 𝑇𝑒 𝑚−2
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 π𝑅 2 0.64 𝑚2
𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 𝐿 33 𝑇𝑒
P= = = = 56. 9 𝑇𝑒 𝑚−2
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝐿𝑋𝑊 0.58 𝑚2

SOIL DESCRIPTIONS AND
CONSISTENCY
GRANULAR
Very loose <4 Blows/300mm
Loose- SPT 4-10 Can be loosened with a spade easily; 50mm wooden
peg easily driven
Medium- SPT 10-30 can be excavated with a spade with effort
Dense - SPT 30-50 requires pick for excavation: 50mm wooden peg hard
to drive
Very Dense - SPT > 50 steel pin hard to drive
SPT = standard penetration test

CONSISTENCY
 Very Soft - cu <20 k/Nm2
 Soft - cu 20 - 40 can be moulded easily by light
finger pressure
 Firm- cu 40 - 75 can be moulded by strong
finger pressure
 Stiff - cu 75 - 150 cannot be moulded by fingers
can be indented by thumb
 Very Stiff - cu > 150 can be indented by thumb
nail
 cu = Undrained (immediate) shear strength

CONSISTENCY
Factor of Safety & Outrigger Foundation
 The following charts give foundation areas for a range of FoS
against bearing failure and excessive settlement of the ground
 FoS of 3 is more likely to be used for permanent work foundations
and will give a conservative size of foundation area
 FoS of 2 is adequate for most situation
 FoS 1.5 is the absolute minimum and should only be used where
ground conditions have been accurately identified under the
guidance of an experienced geotechnical engineer
 If only general information on the soil type is available use the
upper limit of the bands shown
 If the site is liable to flooding then the above foundation areas
should be doubled

Outrigger Foundation areas for Granular Soils

Outrigger Foundation areas for cohesive soil

Example
Crane:
30 tonne truck mounted mobile Size of
outrigger pads: 400 x 400 mm
Maximum Outrigger Load: 33 tonnes
Ground:
Dense to very dense sandy gravel
Required Size of Mat
Using FoS = 1.5,θ = 400
Area Mat required = 0.9 m2
From the table given we could use 1.2 m

diameter diameter nylon material with
thickness 50 mm

Determining Permissible Ground
Loadings
Responsibility
The Appointed Person (LTA/CPLO/Lifting Specialist/ Lifting
Superintendent/Lifting Engineer) is responsible for ensuring the
ground conditions are suitable to set up and operate the crane, and
therefore safely carry out the lifting operation
In most cases the Appointed Person’s role has 3 stages:
1. Ensure accurate data is obtained in respect of the imposed
loading
2. Ensure the data has been assessed by a suitably competent
person, such that suitable support system have been specified
3. Ensure the specified system of support has been correctly
installed and maintained

Loadings
Sources of Information:
1. Under the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations, the
client and the designer have a duty to make available to the planning
supervisor information relating to site
2. The ground condition could also be assessed by competent engineer
who may have to be Geotechnical Engineer
3. In extreme cases physical load test may have to be carried out in
advance of the lifting operation to verify the load bearing capability
of the ground
Method of Distributing Loads
The standard outrigger support equipment carried by most crane
suppliers has been proven by experience to provide effective load
distribution in the majority of cases
However, in certain situation additional load distribution is required to
achieve acceptable ground bearing pressure

Loadings
This can be achieved by various method:
1. Timber grillage under individual supports
2. Substituting larger load spreading mats
3. Installing larger load spreading supports with better
load bearing materials
4. Forming temporary concrete foundations with
possible piled supports
5. Utilising proprietary load spreading systems such as
track way aluminium panelling

GROUND SETTLEMENT
If practicable follow procedure before lift proceeds
1. Lift load approximately 150mm hold for period over
outrigger at maximum radius
2. Inspect outrigger foundation for signs of settlement or
punching
3. If excessive settlement occurs either reposition crane or
increase outrigger base

B.Lifting Equipment Selection 230119

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

B.Lifting Equipment Selection 230119

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

LIFTING

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 1

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 5

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR Page 6

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 7

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 8

Crawler cranes can range in lifting capacity from 10 tonnes to in excess

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 10

It is also important to remember that Hiabs are included in

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 11

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 12

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 13

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 14

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 15

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 16

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 17

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 18

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 19

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 20

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 21

Where the crane is fitted

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 22

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 23

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 24

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 25

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 26

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 27

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 28

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 29

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 30

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 31

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 32

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 33

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 34

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 35

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 36

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 37

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 38

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 39

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 40

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 41

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 42

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 43

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 44

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 45

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 46

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 48

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 49

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 50

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 51

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 52

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 53

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 54

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 55

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 56

 Bearing Capacities of ground shall be sourced from Engineering / Site

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 57

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 58

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 59

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 60

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 61

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 62

PT. RIGSPEK PERKASA LIFTING SUPERVISOR 63