On Energy of Some Generalized Graph

Products
Review 1
IYAPPAN.S and
ANURADHA.A
Department Of Mathematics
SRM Institute Of Science and Technology
Kattankulathur-603203

August 21, 2019

Outlin
e

► Notation and Terminology

► Conjugated Hydrocarbon and its Molecular
Graph
► HMO Theory
► Literature Survey
► Aim Of The Project
► References
Notation And
Terminology

G = (V, E) → given finite simple undirected

= (a. ij) → adjacency matrix of G of ordern
graph.
A
1, if vi adjacent to vj ,
aij =
0, otherwise.
χ(G, λ) = λ n + a 1 λ n−1 + . . . + an → characteristic polynomial of
A(G).
A → real symmetric matrix → all eigenvalues are real.
Spec(G ) →. Spec(A) → spectrumΣ A → set of all eigenvalues of
A. λ1 λ2 . . . λs
Spec(G) =
m 1 m2 . . . ms
[Here s → number of distinct
eigenvalues.]
Exampl
e
V1 V2 V3 V4

V1 0 1 0
G= 0
V2 1 0 1
V1 V2 V3 V4
0
V3 0 1 0
1
V4 0 0 1
0

Figure:Graph
G
. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Σ
3+ 5 3+ 5 3− 5 3− 5
Spec(G) = = 2 − 2 2 − 2
1 1 1 1
Conjugated Hydrocarbon and its Molecular Graph
It is a molecule composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen
atoms in which every carbon atom has exactly three
neighbors.
HMO
Theory

► 1930’s-Erich Hu¨ckel-a method to determine

approximate solutions of the Schr¨odinger equation of
conjugated hydrocarbons-Hu¨ckel Molecular
Orbital(HMO)Theory.
► (Total energy of π-electrons in the molecules of
conjugated hydrocarbons)=(sum of energies of
individual π-electrons).
► Energy of each π-electrons ≈ closely related to
energyof corresponding molecular graph-IVAN
GUTMAN.
Literature Survey Part-
1

Graph Spectra
► Eigenvalues of the molecular graph of a hydrocarbon
molecule are used to predict thestabilityof the molecule.
► The Perr¨on-Fr¨obenius eigenvector of the web-graph plays
a key role in theGoogle-Page-Rank-Algorithmwhich is
the base for the Google Search Engine.
► Using graph spectra,Lov`asz solved the long
standingShannon Capacity Problemfor the cycle C5.
Literature Survey Part-
1

► In 1985,Alon and Milman applied graph spectrum in

the construction ofsuperconcentrators and
expenders.
► Graph spectra plays a crucial role in the design of
several randomized algorithms-rapidly mixingMarkov
Chains.
Literature survey part-
2
Graph energy
► In 2005,D.Stevanovicdetermined the energies of all
basic product graphs.
► In 2007,RamaneandWalikarconstructed many families of
equienergetic graphs(nonisomorpic graphs with same
energy) using graph products.
► In 2008,W.H.Haemersconstructed many graphs
with maximal energy using Kronecker product.
► In 2011,Germina et.aldetermined the energy of
products of signed graphs.
► In 2014,Indulal et.alconstructed many new families of
graphs using composition(composed of cartesian
product and join operation) and determined their graph
spectra.
Literature survey part-
2

► In 2015,D.Stevanovicdetermined the energy of

multipartite graphs and their variations.
► In 2017,VargheseandSushadefined three products of
graphs: second duplication product,second subdivision
product and second subdivision edge product of graphs
and determined their spectra.
► In 2017,VaidyaandPopatdefined new graph products
like m-splitting and m-shadow graphs and
determined their energies.
► In 2018,MehtaandAcharyastudied the different types
of products of two graphs.
Aim Of The
Project

► Some new graph product have been defined in Literature

with interesting applications.
► Graph energy in not yet determined for these products.
► This project aims to determine the energy of such
generalized product graphs.
Referenc
es
► H.S.Mehta and U.P.Acharya, ”Distance product
Graph”, Vol.13 ,(2018) ,190-198.
► P.Varghese and Susha.D , ”Spectra of some new
product of graphs and its applications” . Global journal of
pure and applied Mathematics, Volume 13, Number 9
(2017),4493-4504.
► Dragan Stevanovic,”On spectral radius and energy
of multipartite graphs”, ARS Mathematica
contempora 9(2015)109-113.
► Samir K.Vaidya and Kalpesh M.Popat,Energy of M-
splitting and m-shadow graphs,”Fast East Journal of
Mathematical Sciences(FJMS)” 2017 Pushpa
Publishing House, Allabad, India. 102, Number 8, 2017,
1571-1578.
Referenc
es
► K.A.Germina, Shahul Hameed, Thomas Zaslavsky,
”On products and line graphs of graphs, their
eigenvalues and energy”, Linear Algebra and its
Applications
435(2011)-2432-2450.
► D.Stevanovic, ”Energy and NEPS of graphs”, Linear
Algebra and Multilinear Algebra, 53 (2005) 67-74.
► H.S.Ramane and H.B.Walikar, ”Construction of
Equienergitic Graphs”, MATCH
Commun.math.comput.chem. 57(2007)203-210.
► Willeam H.Haemers, ”Strongly Regular Graphs with
maximal Energy”, Linear Algebra and its applications,
429(2008)2719-2723.
► G.Indulal, R.Balakrishnan and A.Anuradha, ”Some new
family of integral graphs”, Indian J.Pure Appl.math., 2014,
805-817.
Thank
You