• IUCN-INTERNATIONAL UNION OF

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES,

the species classified into various types,
1.Extinct species :
2.Endangered Species
3.Vulnerable Species
4. Rare Species
1. Extinct species
A species is said to be extinct, when it is no
longer found in the world.
Eg. Dodo bird, passenger Pigeon, West african
Black Rhinoceros, Dinosaur
Dodo (Mauritius) Extinct in 1616
 Endangered species
• When the number of species has been
reduced to a critical level it is said to be
endangered. Unless it is protected and
conserved it is in immediate danger of
extinction.
• They are at a high risk of extinction
1. ENDANGERED REPTILES- PYTHON,
TORTOISE , GREEN SEA TURTLE
2. ENDANGERED BIRDS- PEACOCK,
INDIAN BUSTARD, PELICAN

PEACOCK INDIAN BUSTARD PELICAN

 3. ENDANGERED MAMMALS-
LION,TIGER,RED FOX, DESERT CAT
 4. ENDANGERED PRIMATES- LION-
TAILED MACAQUE, GOLDEN MONKEY
5. ENDANGERED PLANTS- SANDAL
WOOD TREE
Pollution: Humans dispose their waste products on nature.
So, the land, river and air get polluted severely. These
pollutants enter out environment and travel through the
food chain and accumulate in the tissues of the living things,
finally it leads to death.
Over-exploitation: Over-exploitation of the natural resources
and poaching of wild animals also leads to extinct of wild
animals.
Climate change: climate change is brought about by the
accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Climate change threatens organisms and ecosystems, which
cannot accommodate the change of environmental
conditions.
 RED DATA BOOK
The International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) publishes
the Red Data Book.
Red Data Book contains the list of endangered
species of plants and animals. The red data
symbolizes the warning signal for those species
which are endangered and if not protected are
likely to become extinct in near future. In India,
nearly 450 plant species have been identified in
the categories of endangered, threatened or
rare.
 Vulnerable species
3.Vulnerable species :
• A species is said to be vulnerable, when its
population is facing continuous decline due to
habitat destruction.
EXAMPLES OF VULNERABLE SPECIES
 Rare species
• Rare species:
• A species is said to be rare, when it is localised
within restricted area or they are scattered
over a more extensive area. Such species are
not endangered or vulnerable.
• EXAMPLE : himalayan brown bear, Asiatic
Buffalo
Himalayan brown bear
 ENDEMIC SPECIES
• The species which are found only in a
particular region are called endemic species.

Out of about 47,000 species of plants in

our country 7000 are endemic. Thus, 62%
endemic flora are restricted mainly to
Himalayas and Western Ghats.
Examples of endemic Flora species are
Sapria Himalayana
uvaria Lurida
Nepenthes khasiana etc
Nepenthes Khasiana
It is an endemic carnivorous plant endemic to
meghalaya. It is endangered also. This pitcher plant is
found only in india

• It is
 ENDEMIC FAUNA

MONITOR LIZARD, RETICULATED

PYTHON, INDIAN SALAMANDER
• Factors affecting endemic species:
• Habitat loss and fragmentation due to draining and
filling of wetlands.
• Pollution also plays an important role.
• Ex:
• Frog eggs, tadpoles and adults are extremely sensitive
to pollutants especially pesticides.
• Over-hunting and
• Populations can be adversely affected by introduction
of non active predators and competitors. Disease
producing organisms also play an important adversary
in reducing populations of endemic species.
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION
OF INDIA
Wild sheep, goat, snow