Yesterday when I arrived home,

:I couldn’t believe my eyes

.someone had broken into my house 
.they had broken the door and the window 
.they had stolen all my money 
.they had broken my TV and my computer 
.they had emptied my drawers 
.they had even eaten the food in the fridge 
PAST PERFECT TENSE

(“HAD”) + (PAST PARTICIPLE)

FIRST, A
COMPLETED THEN,
ACTVITY ANOTHER
ACTIVITY

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

 I had eaten my
breakfast before I
.went to school
 I had eaten breakfast
before
I went to school .
 How do we use the Past Perfect
?Tense
 The past perfect tense expresses
action in the past before another action
in the past. This is the past in the
past.

EXAMPLE :
 The train left at 9am. We arrived at
9.15am. When we arrived, the train had
left.
 PAST PERFECT TENSE
(HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE)
.refers to a time earlier than before now 
it is used to make it clear that one 
event happened before another in
.the past
it doesn’t matter which event is 
mentioned first – the tense makes it
.clear which one happened first
 The Past Perfect

had received it hit

had eaten my friend stopped by

The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.
 To talk about a past action that ended before another action or

time in the past, we use before and after. We use the simple

past too.
The film had started before we arrived
 We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action
I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before
 With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as,
by the time, by and until

By the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinner

He came to my house.
Simple Past Tense

I had already left.

Past Perfect Tense

He came to my house
after
I had
Chapter 11 already left.
 Simple Past Tense

He came to my house
after I had already left.
Th
ta is a Past Perfect
fa kes cti
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in the pla on
th r ce
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pa ck Chapter 11
s
 Simple Past
Tense
He came to my house.
Past Perfect
I had already left.
He came to my house
after I had already left.
Chapter 11
 Look at this
.example
After he had taken
his music lesson,
.he made a telephone call
ad Ali done before
?he went fishing

Ali had repaired

his car
.before he went fishing
 The key words
of this tense
after :are
as soon as{had+PP} , Past simple
 The key words
of this tense
before
By the time
:are
{past simple}+ Had+PP
Make similar sentences using after and before.

Finish work-watch TV

After I had finished

work , I watched TV

Before I watched TV , I
had finished my work.
Make similar sentences using by the time and as
soon as
Eat breakfast-go to school
By the time I went to school,I
had eaten my breakfast.
As soon as I had eaten my
breakfast, I went to school
Make similar sentences using by the time and as
soon as
Police arrive-thief escape
By the time the police arrived,
the thief had escaped.
As soon as the thief had
escaped , the police arrived.
 :So it is correct to say

After he had finished the

meeting , he made a
.telephone call

Before he made a telephone

call , he had finished the
meeting.
 The structure of the past
:perfect tense is
auxiliary
subject main verb
verb
+ I had finished .my work
before
+ You had stopped
.me
- She had not gone .to school

- We had not .left

? Had you ?arrived

? Had they eaten ?dinner

Let’s practice: put the verbs into the correct form:
(1st Action – Past perf. / 2nd action simple past)

1. My little brother _______ (eat) all of the

cake that I ________ (make)
2. The waitress _______ (bring) a dish that
we ________ (not/order).
3. Last night, I _______ (sleep) outside
because I _________ (forget) my keys.
4. The train ________ (go) when we
_________ (arrive) at the station.
5. We ______ (have) a big party because we
_______ (pass) the exam.
Choose the correct verb from the list
below to complete the following
sentences. Put the verb in the past
perfect tense (had & past participle).
make start write leave forget
fly escape close give ring eat
change go see
1.When I got to the house, Mary wasn’t there. She
_________ already _________ .
2.I didn’t recognize my old classmate because she
_________________ so much.
3.We were late for the show last night. By the time
we got to the theater, the movie _____________
4. Yesterday I went on my first plane trip. I was 
very nervous because ___________ never 
_____________ before. 
5. I couldn’t eat much dinner last night because I 
______________ such a big lunch. 
6. I couldn’t buy any groceries last night because 
when I got to the supermarket, it _______________ 
already ______________. 
7. Last week our teacher gave back the essays we 
________________ the week before. 
8. The house was quiet when Andrew got home. 
Everyone _________________ to bed several 
hours earlier. 
9. They got to school late yesterday. The bell 
_____________ already _____________. 
10. Sheila couldn’t come to my house last night 
because she_______________ already 
_________________ other plans.