Mukhtar. A.

Sheikh Memorial Welfare

Hospital, Multan

Proposed HVAC Systems

(Comparative Analysis)

Date:
October 22, 2014

Presented By:
National Engineering Services of Pakistan
About Project
A Basement + Ground + 7th Story Building, Comprises of

 200 Bed
 Operation Theater
 ICUs,
 MRI Labs,
 CT Scan Labs,
 X ray rooms, Labs,
 Fluoroscopy Labs,
 Lithotripsy, Labs,
Design standards
 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOLLOW

 ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning

Engineers (Standards 62.1 – 2004 and 90.1)
 ANSI American National Standards Institute
 ARI Air-conditioning Refrigeration Institute
 IPC International Plumbing Code
 IMC International Mechanical Code
 UL Underwriters Laboratory
 FM Factory Mutual
 SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air-conditioning Contractors Association
 CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (UK)
 BS British Standards and Codes of Practice
 UPC Uniform Plumbing Code
Design standards
EXTERNAL DESIGN CONDITIONS AS PER ASHRAE

For Load Calculation and Equipment Sizing.

Winter 05oC DB
Summer 42oC DB/28oC WB

For fresh air (ventilation), evaporative coolers and heat rejection equipments.

Winter 16.3oC DB/ -2.8oC DP

Summer 45oC DB/ 27.6oC WB
COOLING LOAD CALCULATION RESULTS
Total Cooling Load: 1800 RT
Objective

To Arrive on a feasible option for Air-conditioning with respect to :

 Capital Cost

 Operating Cost

 Reliability

Based on the given limits of PC-I (FOR HVAC)

Proposed HVAC Systems for the hospital
The entire hospital Building is divided into two major zones
1. Critical Areas ( Zone I)
 60 Beds
 Operation Theater
 ICUs,
 MRI Labs,
 CT Scan Labs,
 X ray rooms, Labs,
 Fluoroscopy Labs,
 Lithotripsy, Labs,

2. Non –Critical Areas ( Zone II)

 140 Beds
Proposed HVAC Systems for the hospital

The entire hospital Building is divided into two major zones

1. Critical Areas ( Zone I) Centralized HVAC System

 Total Area of Zone I = 47,089 sft

2. Non –Critical Areas( Zone II) VRF System

 Total Area of Zone II = ---------- sft

 Centralized HVAC Systems Option for Zone I

1. Direct Fired Absorption System(DFAC)

 Duel Fuel (Natural Gas & Diesel) operated

2. Chilled Water (Centrifugal System)

 Electricity operated
 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS HVAC SYSTEM OPTIONS
Option # 1 Option # 2 Option # 3
Direct Fired Absorption System
Water Cooled Chilled Water
Item Description (DFAC)
Air Cooled VRF System (Centrifugal) System
(Dual Fuel) (N.Gas & Diesel)
(Electric Operated)
System
Estimated Installed Capacity (Tons) 1,800 1,800 1,800
Cost/Ton (Approx. Range) 140,000 - 160,000 330,000 - 350,000 350,000 - 370,000
Cost /Ton (Rs.) (Approx.) (Assumed) 150,000 340,000 360,000
Initial investment cost (Rs.) 270.0 Million 612.0 Million 648.0 Million
Expected Life (Years) 12 - 15 23 - 25 23 - 25
Replacement Cost Applied Not applicable Not applicable
Estimated life Cycle investment
required, Including replacement cost if 610.2 Million 612.0 Million 648.0 Million
applicable (Rs.)
▪ Annual Energy cost (Elect.) Rs. 117,573,120 98,537,472 71,663,616
▪ Annual Energy cost (Gas) Rs. - - 52,311,273
▪ Annual Oper. Personnel Cost Rs. 2,440,800 2,448,000 3,888,000
▪ Annual Maintenance Cost Rs. 4,881,600 4,896,000 5,184,000
▪ Annual Water Cost Rs. 5,038,848 7,054,387
▪ Annual Chemical Cost Rs. 151,165 211,632
Total = Rs. 124,895,520 111,071,485 140,312,908

HIGH (APPROX. 3.4 NET HIGHEST (APPROX. 4.0 NET LOWEST (APPROX. 1.2 NET
Average System COP (Efficiency)
SYSTEM COP) SYSTEM COP) SYSTEM COP)

Electrical Power (kW)

1890 1584 1152
(Connected)
Natural Gas (CFH) (Connected) Nil Nil 19500 @ 8.0 psi
Maximum Water Usage (US
Nil 69984 97977.6
Gals./day)
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS HVAC SYSTEM OPTIONS
Option # 1 Option # 2 Option # 3
Operating Cost Per Year at Full Load,
124,895,520 111,071,485 140,312,908
system Diversity 30% Million (Rs.)
LEED Points for Energy and
Up to 21 Points 100% COMPLIED NO POINT
Atmosphere

LEED Points for Environmental Quality Up to 07 Points 100% COMPLIED NO POINT

Central Command and Control POSSIBLE POSSIBLE POSSIBLE

Centrifugal Chiller, Fan Coil unit / Air Direct gas fired Chiller, Fan Coil unit /
Fan Coil Unit Indoor with VRV handling unit, Chilled water pump, Air handling unit, Chilled water pump,
System Components
outdoor Units condenser water pump, cooling condenser water pump, cooling
tower. tower.
Only space required for outdoor
Plant Room Required unit, balcony and roof is suitable for Proper Plant Room space required Proper Plant Room space required
placement

Reliability AVERAGE HIGHEST HIGH

Maintenance EASY EASY EASY

POSSIBLE ONLY UP TO 65%

Energy saving at Part load POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
CAPACITY

Installation space LESS HIGH HIGHEST

Compliance with Architectural and

YES YES YES
Esthetical Requirement

▪ Availability/manufacturer options UNLIMITED UNLIMITED UNLIMITED

NC complaince as per ASHRAE POSSIBLE POSSIBLE POSSIBLE

 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS HVAC SYSTEM OPTIONS
Option # 1 Option # 2 Option # 3
-
▪ Initial investment is low as compared to ▪ Lower initial cost as compared to
▪ Lowest annual energy cost
any centralized system. direct fired absorption system.

▪ Lesser water requirement as

▪ No central plant required, except for
compared to direct fired absorption ▪ Lower electrical connected load
space/balcony for air cooled condenser.
system.
▪ Electrical operation cost is low as
▪ Lower operating and maintenance
▪ Very Lesser Maintenance compared to other electrical
cost.
opeerated systems.

▪ Lessest installation time as compared to ▪ COP is better than all available air- ▪ Ozone friendly - uses water as
Advantages

other system. conditioning sysstems. refrigerant.

▪ Individual billing is easily possible, using ▪ Air-conditioning can be operated

the pules watt meter, as unit equipped ▪ Part load operation is available. during power outage with smaller load
with pules expansion valves. on emergency generator

▪ Less noisy as compared to screw ▪ Less noisy as compared to other

chillers. chilled water system

▪ Small size genset is required as

▪ Other advantages are same as for
compared to other electrical operating
screw chillers.
systems.

▪ Part load operation is possible.

COMPARISON OF VARIOUS HVAC SYSTEM OPTIONS
Option # 1 Option # 2 Option # 3
-
▪ Lower life as compared to central ▪ High initial cost as compared to
▪ Longer installation time
system other chilled water plants/systems.

▪ Lowest electric operating cost, as ▪ Electrical Operating Cost is high as ▪ More space for plant room as
compared to other system. compared to gas operated compared to electric operated

▪ More water requirement as

▪ Cooling cannot be diverted from
▪ Space for central plant room required compared to Electric operated
one area to another
system

▪ Maintenance is difficult in our country as

Disadvantages

▪ Unit dedicated for the particular trained staff availability is limited. As only
▪ Longer installation time
area. few projects in Pakistan based on
centrifugal chillers.

▪ Standby arrangement within same chiller

▪ Standby option is not available
▪ No standby arrangement in not available as normally based on single
within the same unit.
compressor.

▪ As the main energy source is gas

▪ Proper plant room and AHU room
and in present scenario the gas
required.
availability is very much doubtfull.

▪ Proper plant room and AHU

room required.
Direct Fired Absorption system
Advantages:
 Lower electrical connected load
 Lowest annual electric energy cost
 Air conditioning can be operated during power outage with smaller load on
emergency generator.
 Ozone friendly-use water as refrigerant
 Small size genset is required as compared to other electrical operating
 systems.
 Part load operation is possible
Disadvantages:
 High initial cost as compared to other chilled water systems
 More space for plant room and AHUs of considerable size are required
 More water requirement
 Longer installation time
 The main energy source is Natural gas .In present scenario its availability is
quite doubtful in the country.
Centrifugal System
Advantages:
 Lower initial cost as compared to direct fired absorption system
 Lesser water requirement as compared to direct fired absorption
system
 Operating and maintenance cost is low as compared to other electrical
operated systems.
 COP (Efficiency) is better than all available air conditioning systems

Disadvantages:
 Longer installation time
 Electrical operating cost is high as compared to gas operated
 Difficult maintenance due to lack of trained staff in our country. Only
few projects in Pakistan are based on centrifugal chillers.
 More space for plant room and AHUs of considerable size are required.
VRF System
Advantages:
 Initial investment is low as compared to any centralized system
 No central plant is required, except for space required for air cooled
condenser
 Lesser operating and maintenance cost
 Least installation time as compared to other systems
 Individual billing is easily possible, using the pules watt meter, as unit is
equipped with pules expansion valves
Disadvantages:
 Lower life as compared to central system
 Cooling cannot be diverted from one area to another
 Unit dedicated for the particular area
 Cooling cannot be diverted from one area to another
 High electric operating cost, as compared to other systems
COST ANALYSIS OF THE TWO SYSTEMS

1. Total Area of Zone I (Critical area) = 47,089 sft

% of Critical area =

2. Total Area of Zone II (Non- Critical area) = ---------- sft

HVAC Cost as in PC-1

 Locally procured Material and Service ( A ) = 45.24 million

 Imported Equipment and Material ( B ) = 166.24 million

Total Cost in PC-1 = 211.45 million

Recommendations
 Hybrid of both Central and VRF Systems is proposed for the
Hospital

 Centralized HVAC System for all Critical Areas

( OTs, ICUs, MRI, CT Scan)

 VRF System is recommended for Non-Critical Areas

(Lobbies, waiting areas, corridors, staff areas, wards, etc )

 VRF System is more economical and incremental according to

the future needs of the hospital
THANK YOU