MIGRATION

As a result of social, economic and

political changes, migration has
brought about 80 million migrants
and 20 million of them are refugees.
Movement of people from one
region or society to another for the
purpose of settlement.
BAUMAN,
1998
categories of migrants
I. VAGABONDS

II. TOURISTS
VAGABONDS
 are on the move
“because they have to be”

 they are NOT faring

well their home countries
and are forced to move in
the hope that their
circumstances will improve.

 REFUGEES are
vagabonds forced to flee
their home countries due to
safety concerns
TOURISTS
 are on the move

 because they want to

and they can afford it.
“Those who migrate to find work are
involved in labor migration”

KRITZ,
2008
 There is no internationally accepted statistical definition of labor
migration. However, the main actors in labor migration are migrant
workers which the International Labor Organization (ILO) defines as:

“… all international migrants who are

currently employed or unemployed
and seeking employment in their
present country of residence.”
 Forces Behind Migration
 Push Factors are the dynamics within the country of origin which
force people to emigrate such as war, famine, political oppression or
population pressures.

 Pull Factors are characteristics of destination countries that attract

immigrant wish to get better living and working conditions.

 Macro Level Processes: Overcharging issues such as political

situations, laws and regulations between the countries to control
migration. Changes in global economy can be counted as a macro
factor.

 Micro Level Processes: Resources knowledge and understandings

that migrant population has and activate.
Migration is inevitable, necessary and
highly deisrable - unkown
 Four Tendencies in Global Migration
o Acceleration: increase in the number of migrants.

o Diversification: types of migrants have changed (Labourforce,

refugees).

o Globalization: In terms of sender or receivers migration become

global in nature.

o Feminization: Women’s number in migrants are increasing. They are

generally hired as cheap laborforce like domestic labor or sexual
slaves.
 Global Diasporas
• Diaspora is dispersal of an ethnic population from an
original homeland into foreign areas by force because of
traumatic reasons.

• First known diasporas African-American people who

migrated to the new world as slaves and Jews people
who had to migrate and got citizenship in the West
today after the 2nd world war
 Assignment: Ang Mundo sa Mata ng isang OFW
1. Find a former or a current OFW to be interviewed. Your respondent’s
name should not be revealed in class to protect the person’s identity and
ensure anonymity.
2. Use the following guide questions
How long have you stayed abroad?
What are the purposes for your stay there
What were your most unforgettable experiences there? How will you
describe them, good or bad?
How will you compare the Philippines with other countries?
Do you want to back abroad or to the other countries in the future?
Why or why not?
3. Share it to the class the results of your interview and your personal
insights about your respondent’s experience