Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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©2008 3-1
What You Will Learn
©2008 3-2
What You Will Learn—continued
©2008 3-3
What You Will Learn—continued
©2008 3-5
Photo courtesy of the Construction Safety Council
Did You Know?
►About 1,000 workers get hurt every year
by excavation cave-ins.
►Of these, 140 cause permanent
disability, 75 cause death.
►The rate of deaths in
excavation is 112%
higher than the rate for
©2008
general construction. 3-6
Did You Know?
©2008 3-7
Did You Know?
►37% of all trenching incidents occur at
depths of less than 5 feet.
►Small construction projects of under
$50,000 cause most of the cave-in deaths.
©2008 3-8
Terms
►Excavation
►Trench
►Spoils
►Cave-In
►Confined Space
►Soil Sample
©2008 3-9
Protection Systems
►Benching System
►Sloping System
►Shoring System
►Shield System
©2008 3 - 10
Competent Person
A competent person is
someone who is trained
and qualified to make decisions
based on science and engineering.
©2008 3 - 11
Quiz Question #1
TRUE OR FALSE?
Because trenches are outdoors, it is not
necessary to be concerned about
hazardous air. The outdoor air will
neutralize any bad air in the trench.
©2008 3 - 12
Quiz Question #1
FALSE
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.57
When dusts, fumes, mists, vapors
or gases are produced, they must
be handled to prevent a hazardous
situation in the trench .
©2008 3 - 13
Quiz Question #2
TRUE OR FALSE?
If you are working in a trench
where there are only a few inches
of water, you are permitted to
work in the trench.
©2008 3 - 14
Quiz Question #2
FALSE
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651(h)(1)
Employees shall not work in a trench
where water is standing or accumulating,
unless there is a system to remove the
water, or the employee uses a safety
harness and lifeline.
©2008 3 - 15
Quiz Question #3
TRUE OR FALSE?
If an excavation needs a ramp for
entering and exiting, anyone on the
construction crew can be assigned to
find a ramp and put it in place.
©2008 3 - 16
Quiz Question #3
FALSE
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651(c)(1)(i)
Structural ramps at excavations
much be designed by a competent
person and constructed in
accordance with the design.
©2008 3 - 17
Quiz Question #4
TRUE OR FALSE?
When a construction crew digs for
an excavation, it is okay to pile the
dirt that is dug up (the spoils) right at
the edge of the excavation.
©2008 3 - 18
Quiz Question #4
FALSE
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651(j)(2)
The spoils of an excavation must be
kept at least two feet from the edge
of the excavation.
©2008 3 - 19
Quiz Question #5
TRUE OR FALSE?
A competent person has the authority
to evacuate an excavation site if that
person believes the site is exposing
employees to unsafe conditions such
as a possible cave-in or hazardous air.
©2008 3 - 20
Quiz Question #5
TRUE
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651(k)(2)
The competent person has authority
to evacuate an excavation site if it is
exposing employees to unsafe
conditions such as a possible cave-in
or hazardous air.
©2008 3 - 21
What are Your Best Practices?
©2008 3 - 22
The Worksite Analysis
©2008 3 - 24
Photo courtesy of the Construction Safety Council
Excavation/Trenching Hazards—Case #2
©2008 3 - 25
Photo courtesy of the Construction Safety Council
Excavation/Trenching Hazards—Case #3
©2008 3 - 26
Photo courtesy of Associated General Contractors of America
Excavation/Trenching Hazards—Case #4
©2008 3 - 27
Photo courtesy of Associated General Contractors of America
Concerns at Your Worksite
Give examples of how a worker’s
behavior could create an excavation or
trenching hazard.
©2008 3 - 28