PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Ayra Jasmine Arnedo

Jely Faye San Juan
INTRODUCTION
• Greek
PHOTO = produced
by light

SYNTHESIS = a
whole made of parts
put together.
 WHY IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS SO
IMPORTANT?
Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological
process on earth.

-provides the oxygen we breath

-consumes much of the CO2
-food
-energy
-fibers and minerals
Products of Photosynthesis
The primary product of photosynthesis is glucose
which is the source of carbohydrates like cellulose,
starch, etc. It also produces fats, proteins, and water
soluble sugars such as maltose and sucrose. The plants
depend on this glucose for their growth and energy.

Photosynthesis and Respiration

The importance of photosynthesis can be understood
with respect to our breathing process. The breathing
process keeps us alive and photosynthesis provides us
oxygen to breathe in.
Photosynthesis and Environment
The level of carbon-dioxide in the environment
largely depends on the process of photosynthesis,
which in turn, depends on the number of plants and
trees we have. Excessive increase or decrease in the
level of carbon-dioxide can bring forth disastrous
results on the planet earth.

Photosynthesis and Life

Photosynthesis is directly related to the life and
survival of all the other living creatures on earth. It not
just supplies oxygen, without which, breathing and
being alive would be difficult, but it also supplies food
and energy to all.
 Human need food
to survive same as
plants.
 How do plants obtain their food?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• -it is a process by which plants capture
sunlight to manufacture their food.
• During the process plant leaves absorb
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere while
their roots suck up water from soil
 How do plants obtain their food?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Higher plants, phytoplankton, algae, as
well as some bacteria carry out the
process of photosynthesis.
 Process of Photosynthesis
Step 1
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the plant
leaf through stomata, i.e., minute epidermal pores in
the leaves and stem of plants which facilitate the
transfer of various gases and water vapor.
Step 2
Water enters the leaves, primarily through the roots.
These roots are especially designed to draw the
ground water and transport it to the leaves through
the stem.
 Process of Photosynthesis
Step 3
As sunlight falls on the leaf surface, the chlorophyll, i.e., the green
pigment present in the plant leaf, traps the energy in it. Interestingly,
the green color of the leaf is also attributed to presence of chlorophyll.
Step 4
Then hydrogen and oxygen are produced by converting water using the
energy derived from the Sun. Hydrogen is combined with carbon
dioxide in order to make food for the plant, while oxygen is released
through the stomata. Similarly, even algae and bacteria use carbon
dioxide and hydrogen to prepare food, while oxygen is let out as a
waste product.
Where does photosynthesis occur?
 Sites of photosynthesis
Majority of photosynthesis usually takes
place in the leaves.

Mesophyll

-cells in a middle layer of leaf tissue

-the primary site of photosynthesis.
 Did you know that plant breath
just like us?
Stomata (singular, “stoma”)

-small pores
-are found on the surface of leaves in most
plants, and they let carbon dioxide diffuse into
the mesophyll layer and oxygen diffuse out.
Mesophyll
-inner of a leaf, containing many
chloroplast

Chloroplasts
-contains organelles
-specialized to carry out the
reactions of photosynthesis.

*carbon dioxide
*water
*sunlight

...it turn them as

sugar and oxygen
Thylakoids
-dics-like structure grana-arranged in
piles like stacks of pancakes
-singular”granum”

Chlorophylls
-absorbs light
-membrane of each thylakoid
contains green-colored pigments

Stroma
-fluid-filled space around the grana

Thylakoid space
-space inside the thylakoid dics
 Two Stages
Light dependent reactions
-place in the thylakoid membrane and require a
continuous supply of light energy.
-use light energy to generate two chemical
energy compounds:

ATP-an energy storage molecule

NADPH-a reduced electron barrier
 The Solar Spectrum
• Electromagnetic radiations arrives from the
sun
• Light is made up of a whole spectrum or
colours from high-energy blue light to low
energy red light
• Plants can use this to their advantage:
Plants have a number of a different
pigments inside their chloroplast which absorb a
certain wavelenght of light:
We exposed to every different wavelength light,
and the wavelenght of light this pigment
absorbed was observed

Chorophyll a:
-this absorpton peaks were in the blue and red
light reaction

Chlorophyll b:
-it absorbed light more in the blue/green region
and red spectrum.
Carotenoids:
-still absorb blue/green light
 TWO STAGES
Light Independent Reactions
-takes place in the stroma and does not directly
require light.
-uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent
reactions to fix carbon dioxide and produce
three-carbon sugars—glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate, or G3P, molecules—which join up to
form glucose.
 Photosynthesis
• Reaction: CO2+H2O+sun C6H12O6+O2+H2O
• Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, sun
• Products: Glucose
• By-products: Oxygen
• Cellular location: Chloroplasts
• Energetics: Requires energy
• Chemical paths: Light reaction and Calvin cycle.
Summary: Sugar synthesized usingenergy from
the sun