CODES AND STANDARDS

WHAT IS CODE????
• CODE is a top-tier documents , providing a set of
rules that specify the minimum acceptable level
of safety for manufactured ,fabricated or
constructed objects. Examples of some commonly
used codes are the ASME Boiler and pressure
vessel code and the AWS D1.1 Structural welding
code – steel.
 WHAT IS STANDARD ?
• STANDARDS prepared by a professional group
or committee for good and proper engineering
practice and contains mandatory requirements
and dimensions.

The STDS are mainly of two types

1. Dimensional STDS
2. Pressure Integrity STDS
 DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS
• They provide configuration control information
for components. The main purpose of
dimensional STD is to assure similar
components manufactured by different
suppliers will be physically interchangeable.
• Mainly this document gives dimensions of
various parts.
PRESSURE INTEGRITY STANDARDS
• They provide performance criteria. The
components designed & manufactured to the
same STDS will run in an equivalent manner.
• Each country has its own CODES & STANDARDS
• Normally American National Standards are
most widely used all over the world and
compliance with those requirement are
accepted globally.
 Commonly used American Standards
in Piping

• The American Petroleum Institute (API)

• The American Iron and steel Institute(AISI)
• The American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
• The American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM)
• The American Welding Society (AWS)
• The American Water Works Association(AWWA)
• The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
ASME - Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
I. Power Boilers
II. Materials
III. Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components
IV. Heating Boilers
V. Non Destructive Examination
VI. Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of
Heating Boilers
VII. Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power
Boilers
VIII. Pressure Vessels
IX. Welding and Brazing Qualifications
X. Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
XI. Rules for In-service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant
Components
XII. Rules for Construction and Continued Service of
Transport Tanks
 ASME SECTION II - Materials
• Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
• Part B - Nonferrous Material Specifications
• Part C - Specifications for Welding Rods,
Electrodes, and Filler Metals
• Part D - Properties
 Commonly used American CODE in
Piping
 ASME B31 – CODES FOR PRESSURE PIPING
B31 Code for pressure piping , developed by
American society of mechanical engineers – ASME,
covers Power Piping , Fuel Gas piping , Process
Piping , Pipeline Transportation Systems for liquid
Hydrocarbons and other liquids , Refrigeration
piping and Heat Transfer Components and building
services piping . ASME B31 was earlier known as
ANSI B31
 ASME B31.1- POWER PIPING
• Piping for industrial plants and marine
applications .This code prescribes minimum
requirements for the Design, Materials,
Fabrication, Erection, Testing & Inspection of
power and auxiliary service piping systems for
Electric Generation Stations, Industrial Plants ,
central and district Heating plants.
 ASME B31.3 - PROCESS PIPING
• Design of Chemical and Petroleum Plants and
Refineries,processing chemicals and hydrocarbons,
water and steam.
• This code contains rules for construction of piping
typically found in Petroleum Refineries, Chemical
Plants, Pharmaceutical, Textile, Paper Industries,
Semiconductor, Cryogenic and related processing
plants.
 ASME B31.4-PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND
OTHER LIQUIDS
• This code prescribes requirements for the
design , materials, construction, assembly,
inspection,and testing of piping transporting
liquids such as crude oil , condensate, natural
gasoline,natural gas liquids,liquified petrolium
gas,CO2,liquid alcohol,liquid anhydrous
ammonia etc
 ASME B31.5-REFRIGERATION PIPING
AND HEAT TRANSFER COMPONENTS
• This code prescribe requirements for the
materials,design,fabrication,assembly,erection
,test,and inspection of refrigerent,heat
transfer components and secondary coolant
piping for temperatures as low as -196 deg C .
 ASME B31.8-GAS TRANSMISSION
AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS
• This code covers the design , fabrication ,
installation, inspection , and testing of
pipeline facilities used for the transportation
of gas.
 ASME B31.9 – BUILDING SERVICES
PIPING
• This code section has rules for the piping in
industrial, institutional, commercial and public
buildings, and multi unit residences, which
does not require the range of size, pressures
and temperatures covered in.
 ASME B31.11-SLURRY
TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS
• Design , construction , inspection , security
requirements of slurry piping systems.
• It covers piping systems that transport
aqueous slurries of no hazardous materials
such as coal , mineral ores and other solids
between a slurry processing plant and the
receiving plant.
 ASME B31.12-HYDROGEN PIPING
AND PIPE LINES
• This code is applicable to piping in gaseous
and liquid hydrogen service and to pipelines in
gaseous hydrogen services. This code is
applicable up to and including the joint
connecting the piping to associated pressure
vessels and equipment but not to the vessels
and equipment themselves.
 ASME B16- STANDARDS OF PIPES
AND FITTINGS
• ASME B16.1-CAST IRON PIPE FLANGES AND
FLANGED FITTINGS
This Standard for classes 25,125 and 250 cast iron pipe flanges and
flanged fittings covers:
• Pressure-Temperature ratings
• Sizes and method of designating openings of reducing fittings.
• Marking
• Minimum requirements for materials
• Dimension and tolerances
• Bolt , nut and gasket dimensions
• Tests
 ASME B16.3 MALLEABLE IRON
THREADED FITTINGS
• This standard for threaded malleable iron
fittings classes 150 and 300 provides
requirements for the following
• pressure temperature ratings
• Size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings
• Marking
• Materials
• Dimensions and tolerances
• Threading
• coating
 ASME B16.4-CAST IRON THREADED
FITTINGS
• This standard for gray iron threaded fittings
classes 125 and 250 covers
• Pressure temperature ratings
• Size and method of designating openings of reducing
fittings
• Marking
• Material
• Dimensions and tolerances
• Threading
• coating
 ASME B16.5 - PIPE FLANGES AND
FLANGED FITTINGS
• This standard includes flanges with rating class
150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 in sizes NPS
½” through NPS 24”, with requirements given in
both metric and US units. The standard is limited
to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or
forged materials and blind flanges and certain
reducing flanges made from cast, forged or plate
materials. Also include in this standard are
requirements and recommendation regarding
flange bolting, flange gasket and flange joints.
ASME B16.9-FACTORY-MADE WROUGHT STEEL
BUTT WELDING FITTINGS

• This standard covers overall dimensions

,tolerances ,rating ,testing , and marking for
wrought factory-made butt welding fittings in
sizes NPS ½ through NPS 48.
ASME B16.10-FACE TO FACE AND END
TO END DIMENSIONS OF VALVES
• This standard covers face to face and end to
end dimensions of straightway valves , and
center to face and center to end dimensions
of angle valves . Its purpose is to assure
installation interchangeability for valves of a
given material , type , size, rating class and
end connection.
ASME B16.11-FORGED STEEL FITTINGS
, SOCKET WELDING AND THREDED
• This standard covers ratings , dimensions ,
marking and material requirements for forged
fittings both socket – welding and threded.
 ASME B16.12-CAST IRON THREDED
DRAINAGE FITTINGS
This standard for cast iron threaded drainage
fittings covers:
• Size and method of designating openings in
reducing fittings
• Marking
• Materials
• Dimensions and tolerances
• Threading
• Ribs
• Coating
ASME B16.14-FERROUS PIPE PLUGS,BUSHINGS
AND LOCKNUTS WITH PIPE THREADS
This standard for ferrous pipe plugs , bushing and
locknuts with pipe threads covers:
• Pressure-temperature ratings.
• Size
• Marking
• Materials
• Dimensions and tolerances
• Threading
• Pattern taper
 ASME B16.15-CAST BRONZE
THREADED FITTINGS
This standard covers:
• Pressure temperature rating
• Size and method of designating openings of
reducing pipe fittings
• Marking
• Minimum requirements for casting quality and
materials
• Dimensions and tolerances in US customary and
metric (SI) units
• Threading
 ASME B16.18-CAST COPPER ALLOY SOLDER
JOINT PRESSURE FITTINGS
• This standard for cast copper alloy solder joint pressure
fittings designed for use with copper water tube ,
establishes requirements for:
• Pressure temperature rating
• Abbreviations for end connections
• Sizes and method of designating openings of fittings
• Marking
• Material
• Dimensions and tolerances
• Tests
 ASMEB16.20-METTALIC GASKETS FOR PIPE FLANGES-RING-
JOINT,SPIRAL WOUND AND JACKETED

• This standard covers materials , dimensions,

tolerances , and marking for metal ring joint
gaskets , spiral wound metal gaskets , and metal
jacketed gaskets and filler material . These
gaskets are dimensionally suitable for used with
flanges described in the reference flange
standards ASMEB16.5,ASMEB16.47 and API-
6A.This standard covers spiral-wound metal
gaskets and metal jacketed gaskets for use with
raised face and flat face flanges
 ASMEB16.21-NONMETALLIC FLAT GASKET FOR PIPE
FLANGES

This standard for nonmetallic flat gaskets for

bolted flanged joints in piping includes:
• Type and sizes
• Materials
• Dimensions and allowable tolerances
ASMEB16.22-WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY
SOLDER JOINT PRESSURE FITTINGS

This standard provides requirements for fitting

ends suitable for soldering. This standard covers.
• Pressure temperature ratings
• Abbreviations for end connections
• Size and method of designating openings of
fitting
• Marking
• Material
• Dimension and tolerances
• Tests
 ASMEB16.23-CAST COPPERALLOY SOLDER JOINT
DRAINAGE FITTINGS

• The standard establishes specifications for cast copper

alloy solder joint drainage fittings, designed for use in
drain , waste and vent (DMV)systems. This standards
covers:
• Description
• Slope
• Abbreviations for end connections
• Size and method of designating openings of fitting
• Marking
• Material
• Dimension and tolerances
ASMEB16.24-CAST COPPER ALLOY PIPE FLANGES AND
FLANGED FITTINGS

• This standard for classes 25,125,250 and 800 cast

iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings covers:
• Pressure temperature ratings
• Sizes and methods for designating openings for
reduced fittings
• Marking
• Material
• Dimension and tolerances
• Tests
 ASME B16.25-BUTT WELDING ENDS
• The standard covers the preparation of butt
welding ends of piping components to be
joined into a piping system by welding. It
includes requirements for welding bevels , for
external and internal shaping of heavy wall
components and for preparation of internal
ends (including dimension and tolerances).
 ASMEB16.26-CAST COPPER ALLOY FITTINGS FOR
FLARED COPPER TUBES

• This standard for cast copper alloy fitting for

flared copper tubes covers:
• Pressure rating
• Material
• Size
• Threading
• Marking
ASME B16.28-WROUGHT STEEL BUTTWELDING SHORT
RADIOUS ELBOWS AND RETURNS

• This standards covers ratings , overall

dimensions , testing, tolerances, and marking
for wrought carbon and alloy steel butt
welding short radius elbows and returns . The
term wrought denotes fittings made of pipe,
tubing, plate or forgings.
• ASME B16.29- WROUGHT COPPER AND WROUGHT
COPPER ALLOY SOLDER JOINT DRAINAGE FITTINGS
• ASME B16.33-MANUALLY OPERATED METALLIC GAS
VALVES FOR USE IN GAS PIPING SYSTEM UP TO 125 PSI
• ASME B16.34- VALVES- FLANGED , THREDED , AND
WELDING END
• ASME B16.36-ORIFICE FLANGES
• ASME B16.38-LARGE METALLIC VALVES FOR GAS
DISTRIBUTION
• ASME B16.39-MALLEABLE IRON THREADED PIPE
UNIONS
• ASME B16.42 – DUCTILE IRON PIPE FLANGES AND
FLANGED FITTINGS,CLASSES 150 AND 300
• ASME B16.47-LARGE DIA STEEL FLANGES
 API - STANDARDS
1) API 5L - Specification for Line Pipe
2) API 6D - Pipe line Valves, End closures, Connectors and ISO
14313 Swivels.
3) API 6F - Recommended Practice for Fire Test for valves.
4) API 570 - Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Re-rating of
In-service piping systems.
API 510 – Pressure Vessel – In-service Inspection, Rating,
Repair & Alteration
API 653 – Above ground Storage Tank – Inspection,
Repair, Alteration & Reconstruction code.
5) ANSI/API RP 574 - Inspection Practices for Piping System
Components.
6) API 593 - Ductile Iron Plug Valves – flanged ends.
7) API 594 - Check Valves, Wafer, Wafer lug and
Double flanged Type.
8) API 598 - Valve Inspection and Test.
9) API 599 - Metal Plug Valves.
10) ANSI/API 600/ - Steel Gate Valves ISO 10434
11) ANSI/API 602/ - Compact Design carbon
steel Gate, Globe and ISO 15761 Check valves
≤ 100 NB.
12) API 603 - Corrosion Resistant Gate Valves
13) API 604 - Ductile Iron Gate Valves – flanged
ends.
14) API 607 - Fire test for soft-seated ball valves
Codes and Standards 3 PIPING ENGINEERING
CELL
15) API 608 - Metal Ball Valves.
16) API 609 - Butterfly valves – Double flanged,
Lug and Wafer Type.
17) ANSI/ API RP 621 - Reconditioning of Metallic
Gate, globe & Check Valves.
18) API RP 941 - Steel for Hydrogen Service at
Elevated Temperatures & Pressures.
19) API RP 1102 - Steel Pipeline Crossing Rail
Roads & Highways.
20) API 1104 - Standard for Welding of Pipelines
and Related facilities.
21) API RP 1110 - Pressure testing of liquid
petroleum lines.
22) API 2009 - Safe Welding, Cutting and Hot
Work Practices in the Petroleum Industries.
23) API 2201 - Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the
Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries.