 Quality: Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics

fulfils requirements. (Ref.ISO 9000)Or the standard of

something as measured against other things of a similar
kind; the degree of excellence of something

 Quality Assurance (QA): All the planned and

systematic activities implemented within the quality
system, and demonstrated as needed, to provide
adequate confidence that an entity will fulfil
requirements for quality.

 Quality Control (QC): The operational techniques

and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for
quality.
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Quality Assurance(QA):
 Process or set of processes used to measure
and assure the quality of a product.
 Process oriented and focuses on defect
prevention.
Quality Control(QC):
 The process of ensuring products and
services meets customer expectations.
 Product oriented and focuses on defect
identification.
 Request for Inspection (RFI): An Inspection Department
document used by PMT to request inspection.

 Inspection & Test Plan (ITP): An ITP is a document based on

the detailed manufacturing, fabrication and construction
program which identifies each process description, sets out the
related sequence of activities to be inspected, examined and
tested and lists the relevant approved procedures for a
particular material, component, assembly, or, in some cases,
type of work. It shall include identification of requirements for
documents, acceptance criteria to be used, who is responsible
for what, the inspection surveillance to be performed and the
type and level of inspection including hold, witness and
review points of Contractor/Sub-contractor and Client.

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 An ITP is the program of inspection, testing
of materials and survey shall be prepared and
submitted by the contractor to the engineer
for approval before usage and application to
the site.
 For each activity on a construction site, there
would be a corresponding METHOD
STATEMENT as well as Inspection and Test
Plan including check list shall be developed.

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 Hold Point: Inspection or Test may not proceed without the QA/QC
organization representative in attendance. Or QA/QC organization shall be
notified of the timing of inspection or test in advance. Inspection or test shall not be
carried out without the QA/QC organization representative in attendance.
 Witness Point: It defines a point that provides QA/QC organization with the
opportunity to attend the Inspection or Test, at their option. Or QA/QC
organization shall be notified of the timing of Inspection or test in advance.
However, the inspection or test shall be performed as scheduled if the QA/QC
organization representative is not present.
 Surveillance: QA/QC organization to monitor work in progress without notice
from Construction Organization

 Shall: "Shall" expresses a provision that is binding between two or more

parties.
 Will: "Will" expresses a declaration of purpose or intent by one party.
 Should: " Should" expresses a recommendation among other possibilities

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 Rotating Equipment – Any piece of mechanical
equipment that has a rotating shaft. This includes but
is not limited to centrifugal pumps, blowers, fans,
compressors, vacuum pumps and extruders.

 Field Fit Weld (FFW) – Piping is fabricated with

additional length (approximately 150 mm (6”) longer)
than the dimension shown on the isometric drawings.
This will result in trimming the pipe and will require a
field weld. This is used to facilitate alignment of piping
to equipment nozzles.

 Field Weld (FW) – Welds shall be made on the site to

facilitate shipping, assembly and erection of piping.
 Pre-Commissioning: Testing of system components
for continuity, operability and in the case of the
process plants, their ability to withstand operating
pressure prior to the introduction of feedstock or other
final products into the facility.
 Quality Plan: Document specifying which procedures
and associated resources shall be applied by whom and
when to a specific project, product, process or
contract. [ISO 9000]
 Document all procedures.
 Describe how the processes interact.
 Define the scope of the project quality system.
 Document all Procurement, Construction, Inspection &
Test Plans and Pre-Commissioning.