CHAPTER II

Explanation
(Explain the processes)
 What’s on this text ?

Purpose

Language
Generic structure
Features:
 Explanation text
An explanation text explains the processes involved in
the formation or workings of natural or non natural/
sociocultural phenomena.

In addition, an explanation text gives you a step by step

explanation. It contains a sequenced explanation of why
or how something occurs. It is written in paragraphs.
The concept of an explanation text:
To explain the processes involved in
the formation and working of
natural or socio cultural phenomena
1. A general statement to position
the reader (introductory
paragraph)
2. A sequenced explanation of why
or how something occurs
3. Closing or concluding statement/
paragraph (optional)
 The concept of an explanation text:

Focus on generic, non-human participants·

The use of general and abstract nouns· The
use of action verbs· The use of simple
Language present tense· The use of passive voice· The
use of conjunctions of time and cause· The
Features use of noun phrases· The use of complex
sentences· The use of technical language
 Examples

Tsunami is a very large sea wave that

is generated by a disturbance along
the ocean floor. This disturbance can
be an earthquake, a landslide, or a
volcanic eruption. A tsunami is
undetectable far out in the ocean,
but once it reaches shallow water,
this fast-traveling wave grows very
large.
 Examples

Tsunamis occur when a major fault under the ocean

floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes
water above it like a giant paddle, producing
powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The
ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the
earthquake source and move across the ocean until
they reach the coastline, where their height
increases as they reach the continental shelf, the
part of the Earth’s crust that slopes, or rises, from
the ocean floor up to the land.
 Examples

Tsunamis wash ashore with often

disastrous effects such as severe
flooding, loss of lives due to
drowning, and damage to property.
 Special Note
Explanation text is a text genre which tries to explain
how a thing happens or why the thing is made.
Explanation text actually is similar to procedure text,
however, explanation text tends to explain. While the
procedure text is intended to instruct how to form or
make something. Bellow are some examples of
explanation text which are grouped into several topics.
This list of links relating to explanation text hopefully
helps students to get more understanding about text
genres, especially an explanation text.
How a chocholate is made

Have we wondered how we get

chocolate from? Well this time we
will enter the amazing world of
chocolate so we can understand
exactly we are eating.
Chocolate starts a tree called cacao
tree. This tree grows in equatorial
regions, especially in place such as
South America, Africa, and Indonesia.
The cacao tree produces a fruit about
the size of a small pine apple. In side
the fruits are the tree’s seeds. They
are also known as coco beans.
Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they
are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts processing by
roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different places
have different qualities and flavor. So they are often shorted and blended to
produce a distinctive mix. The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are
winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs
are blended. The blended nibs are grounded to make it liquid. The liquid is called
chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao
beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why they
ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.
What is the
difference
between
explanation and
procedure
How to Make chocolate
1. Buy some cacao beans. It is becoming increasingly easier to find raw
cacao, both online and in health food stores.
2. Roast the beans. The roasting accomplishes a few things: first, it creates
a chemical reaction in the bean that brings out the best chocolate flavor.
Finally, it makes it easier to remove the outer husk from the beans.
3. Remove the husk. This is also called cracking and winnowing. The beans
are cracked, and the husk is “winnowed,” or separated from the bean
using a current of air. The cracking can be done by hand, which would
be somewhat laborious, or it can be done with a mill.
4. Grind the beans. The best tool for this is a heavy-duty juicer of some
kind, such as the Champion juicer. Essentially, you grind the beans into a
liquid paste (cocoa liquor)
5. Add the other ingredients. Sweetener (usually sugar) and cocoa butter
are essential to any chocolate. You might also add milk (powdered is
easier to work with), vanilla, or lecithin. The proportions will depend on
what sort of chocolate you want to make.
6. Refine and conch the mixture. Refining refers to getting all the particles
down to a small enough size so that there is no grittiness to the texture.
Conching refers to mixing, heating, and aerating the chocolate over time,
such that it mellows out the flavor and smoothes the texture further.
7. Temper the chocolate. This step in how to make chocolate may be the
most difficult. If, at this point, you simply allowed the mixture to harden,
it would taste like chocolate, but it wouldn’t have that nice snap when you
broke it and it wouldn’t have that glossy sheen. Tempering involves
slowly bringing the chocolate to just the right temperature so that the
cocoa butter crystallizes in the desired way, resulting in the nice gloss and
snap.
1. 8: Mold the chocolate. At this stage, all you have to do is pour that
chocolate into your chocolate molds, let it cool, and then eat it! Or, you
can appreciate all the work that goes into making chocolate, and just go
out and buy some!