IGNEOUS

ROCKS
Better known as ‘Fire Rock’. The word ‘igneous’
is derived from the Latin word ‘ignis’, means ‘fire’.
It is also called magmatic rock.

GROUP III
HOW ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS
FORMED?

1 VOLCANIC ERUPTION

2 LAVA AND MAGMA

3 COOLING AND SOLIDIFICATION

2 TYPES OF
IGNEOUS ROCKS

Extrusive Intrusive
Igneous Igneous
Rocks Rocks

Solidifies on the surface of the Solidifies inside the Earth

Earth
FORMS OF
IGNEOUS ROCKS

Laccolith Lopolith Batholith

Phacolith Sill Dike Volcanic Plug

Batholith

Extremely large and have

transgressive relationship with the
adjacent country rock, roughly
circular or oval and are generally
granitic to granodiorite.
Lopolith

Shaped more or less similar to that

of a saucer, with its diameter
usually 10 to 20 km and its
composition is commonly basic.
Laccolith
Extremely large and have
transgressive relationship with the
adjacent country rock, roughly
circular or oval and are generally
granitic to granodioshape of a
dome.
Phacolith

Crescent shaped bodies of igneous

rocks which occupy the crest and
through part of folded strata as
these parts of a fold are the zones
of minimum stress.
Sill

Thin tabular sheets of magma and

its thickness may vary from a few
inches to many hundreds of feet.
Dike

Wall-like igneous body that cut

across the strata of the pre-existing
rock, thickness vary from a few cm
to a hundred meters or more and
are more resistant to erosion.
Volcanic Plug

Vertical cylindrical shaped,

represents the vent of an extinct
volcanic plugs range in diameter
from a few hundred meters to a few
kilometers.
SOME IGNEOUS ROCKS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE TO
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Andesites Basalt Pumice

Used in the building and Used in

Used for ornaments
construction process, in construction works,
and are chosen for
flooring, cobblestone, very heavy weight
their fine blending and
countertops, and railroad and high porosity
their not so edgy stone.
track ballast. rock.
 SOME IGNEOUS ROCKS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE TO
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Gabbro
Used for multiple purposes like
making floor tiles and
cemetery markers and road-
related works like forming
concrete aggregate, ballast for
railroads and road metal.
Granite Diorite Obsidian
Used in architectural and
Used in flooring, Used in making
construction sites, in
making statues and sharp tools and for
decorative monuments,
carvings on rocks decorative
bridges, and commercial
and landscaping. purposes.
buildings.
GOD BLESS
YOU
GROUP III
Jeremiah Boado
Catherine Aquino
Denmark Sendin
Diana Undalos
Erika Jane Bugayong
Pauline Mae
Dumantay
Dehl Mejia
Mark Jewel Don
Ramos
Joanna Marie Tubon