AIRPORT: Space

Requirements
WHAT IS AN AIRPORT?
Airport, also called air
terminal, aerodrome,
or airfield, site and
installation for the takeoff
and landing of aircraft. An
airport usually has paved
runways and maintenance
facilities and serves as a
terminal for passengers
and cargo.
BRIEF HISTORY
The requirements for airports have increased in complexity and scale since
the earliest days of flying. Before World War II the landing and takeoff distance
of most passenger-transport aircraft was at most 600 meters (2,000 feet).
Additional clear areas were provided for blind landings or bad-weather runs, but
the total area involved rarely exceeded 500 acres (200 hectares).

It was not until the general introduction of heavy monoplanes for transport,
such as the Douglas DC-3, during the late 1930s that extensive takeoff and
landing distances were needed. Even then, the prewar airfields at New York
City (La Guardia), London (Croydon), Paris (Le Bourget), and Berlin (Tempelhof)
were laid out on sites close to the city centers. Because even transport aircraft of
the period were relatively light, paved runways were a rarity.
The assessment of facility requirements includes such major components as:

• Airfield pavement improvements (runway, taxiway and

apron)

• Building improvements (terminal, hangar and

maintenance)

• Support Equipment improvement (ARFF and snow removal

trucks)

• Navigational equipment and lighting improvements

• Access improvements
Airport facility improvements are justified for several reasons:

• To meet the existing or forecasted demand of the facility. The

term “demand” can refer to the level of activity (e.g. based
aircraft) and type of activity (e.g. general aviation).

• To meet FAA(Federal Aviation Administration) design standards

or criteria, including new or recently modified standards. Most
relate to enhancing airport safety.

• To insure a well maintained facility.

• To enhance operational efficiency.

 Airports can be TOWERED OR NON-TOWERED, depending on air traffic density and
available funds. Due to their high capacity and busy airspace, many international airports have
air traffic control located on site.

There is a presence of air traffic controllers (ATC), whose primary A non-towered airport is an
function is to coordinate traffic flow. Also it has pilot must maintain airport without a control tower,
two-way radio contact with the tower and obtain a clearance to or air traffic control (ATC) unit
enter the airspace, land, taxi, and take off.
AIRPORTS ARE DIVIDED INTO LANDSIDE AND AIRSIDE AREAS.
Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads.

Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and ramps.
• Hangar
 Parking areas for aircraft away from terminals are
called APRONS.
The area where aircraft park next to a terminal to load
passengers and baggage is known as a ramp or "THE
TARMAC".
HANGAR- a large building with an extensive
floor area, typically for housing aircraft.
• Cargo Area
 Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled
at most airports. Passengers on commercial flights access airside
areas through TERMINALS, where they can purchase tickets, clear
security check, or claim baggage and board aircraft through gates.
The waiting areas which provide passenger access
to aircraft are typically called CONCOURSES,
although this term is often used interchangeably with
terminal.

CHANGI AIRPORT, SINGAPORE

Airports with international flights
have CUSTOMS and IMMIGRATION FACILITIES.
However, as some countries have agreements that allow travel between them without customs and immigrations,
such facilities are not a definitive need for an international airport. International flights often require a higher level of
physical security, although in recent years, many countries have adopted the same level of security for international and
domestic travel.

CHANGI AIRPORT, SINGAPORE

 Some airport structures include ON-SITE HOTELS built within or attached to a terminal
building. Airport hotels have grown popular due to their convenience for transient passengers
and easy accessibility to the airport terminal. Many airport hotels also have agreements with
airlines to provide overnight lodging for displaced passengers.

CHANGI AIRPORT, SINGAPORE

VIP (Very Important Person)\CIP(Commercial Important Person) LOUNGE AND ENTRANCE- It’s no
secret that airports often have separate entrances for fast-tracking so-called “VIP” travelers like major
celebrities, politicians, diplomats, and other dignitaries. The reason is twofold — the VIP travelers, of course,
appreciate the privacy and the special treatment, but at the same time the distraction and disruption to the
ordinary check-in and security process is alleviated.
DE-ICING AREA- are in some airports a
separate area with fixed equipment on site. In
other airports it can be a mobile unit driving from
plane to plane.
PAPI-A precision approach path indicator (PAPI) is a visual
aid that provides guidance information to help a pilot
acquire and maintain the correct approach (in the vertical
plane) to an airport or an aerodrome.
PRE-TRESHOLD-A PRE-TRESHOLD or displaced threshold or DTHR is
a runway threshold located at a point other than the physical
beginning or end of the runway.
• THRESHOLD or The runway threshold is the location (With markings) on a runway,
close to which the aircraft is required to touch down during landing. Ideally,
the threshold should be located near the physical beginning of the runway.
HIGH SPEED TWY- Busy airports typically construct high-speed or rapid-exit taxiways to allow
aircraft to leave the runway at higher speeds. This allows the aircraft to vacate the runway
quicker, permitting another to land or take off in a shorter interval of time.
• Cargo Area/
Freight -
Cargo and terminal
handling at airport.
Cargo (or freight) is
goods or produce
transported, generally for
commercial gain, by ship
or aircraft.
FUEL DEPOT
TOWER

NEW ISTANBUL
AIRPORT,
ISTANBUL,TURKEY
AIRCRAFT STANDS- An aircraft stand is a place where an aircraft can be parked. A gate is
a designated area inside the terminal building where passengers will assemble and wait
prior to boarding.
OTHER SPACES: • QUARATINE MARKING
AREA (Both for • HELICOPTER
• PUBLIC TOILET
Plants and STAND
• AMENITIES
Animals) • FIRE STATION
• AIRPORT
• CENTER LINE • AIRLINE
OFFICES
• AIMING POINT SERVICES
• CABIN CREW
• STOPWAY • BUSTOP
LOCKERS AND
• HOLDING • RAILWAY
LOUNGE
POSISTION STATION
• SECURITY
• EDGE • PARKING
OFFICES
FLOW OF SPACES
TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS
• Linear terminals are long buildings with aircraft parked perpendicularly along
the airside face of the main terminal processor.
In the pier configuration, aircraft are parked along piers or concourses extending
from the terminal processor. Access to the terminal processor is at the base of the
concourse or pier.
The satellite configuration consists of a concourse or concourses, and aircraft gates that are
physically apart from the main terminal processor. Since aircraft enplaning and deplaning is
accomplished remotely, satellite configurations require a connection between the concourse
and terminal processor for passengers, baggage, and other materials.
In the remote configuration, aircraft and aircraft-servicing functions are
placed in a remote location. Aircraft are not “connected” to a physical
terminal or concourse. Rather, transport between the aircraft and the
terminal is provided by vehicles for enplaning and deplaning passengers,
baggage, and other goods and personnel. This configuration is common in
European and South American airports. It is uncommon in the United
States.
TOP 5 AIRPORTS
AROUND THE
WORLD
SINGAPORE CHANGI AIRPORT
TOKYO HANEDA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (South Korea)
HAMAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (Doha,Qatar)