Steel Truss System

Session 3
Truss Load Analysis
 Bridge Truss System: Gravitiy & lateral load

The gravity load that worked on truss bridge system are:

- Structural self weight
- Chord member self weight
- Joint plate weight
- Bolts
- Aditional superimposed weight
- Concrete deck
- Asphalt pavement
- Walk path
- railing
- Live load
- traffic load
The Lateral load that worked on truss bridge system are:
- Wind load
- Earthquake load

2 Steel Truss system

 Bridge Truss System: Gravitiy & lateral load

3 Steel Truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss

6,50

H 300 x 300

5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00

Concrete deck with depth 20 cm

Wearing course Asphalt 5 cm
Spans Girder 5 unit @ 2,0 m
Cross Girder 7 unit@ 5 m

IWF 450x200
IWF 700x300

1,00 7,00 1,00

9,00

4 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss

6,50

5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00

segmental
Unit weigth
Concrete : 25,0 kN/m3
Asphalt : 22,0 kN/m3
H beam 300 x 300 : 0.92 kN/m
Girder beam 700x300 : 1,81 kN/m Table Steel Section Profile
Secondary beam 450x200 : 0,75 kN/m
Wind bracing H 150x150 : 0,30 kN/m

5 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Dead & Live Load
Truss self weight for 1 segment: total length x unit weight
1. Truss chord (H300x300):
(5x2+6x4+2,5x2)m x 0,92 = 35,88 kN
2. Girder Main beam
(9x2)m x 1,81 = 32,58 kN
3. Secondary beam (450x200)
(5x5)m x 0,75 = 18,75 kN
4. Wind bracing H150x150
(9+ 92 + 52 )m x 0,3 = 5,79 kN
93,0 kN
5. Bolt, joint plate, others
15% x 93,0 = 13,95 kN (assumsed 15% to self weight)
Total Self weight 106,95 kN
Dead load for 1 joint = 106,95/4 = 26,74 kN

Aditional weigth for 1 segment : volume x unit weight

1. Concrete deck
2. Asphalt wearing
3. Water Pool (5cm depth)
4. Trotoar
:(0,2x9x5)m3 x 25 = 225,00 kN
:(0,05x7x5)m3 x 22 = 38,50 kN
(0,05x5x7)m3 x 9,81 = 22,70 kN
(2x0,25x1x5)m3 x 22 = 55,0 kN
341,2 kN
Additional Dead load force for 1 joint
341,2/4 = 85,3 kN
Total Dead Load for 1 joint:
PD = 23,06 + 85,3= 178,3 kN

6 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Dead & Live Load

Bridge life load (traffic load)

QLL = 15,86 kN/m2
Live load: (5x7)m2 x 15,86 = 555 kN
Live load force for 1 joint = 555/4 = 138,75 kN

Pedistrian live load QLLp= 5 kN/m2

QLLp = (1x5x2)m2 x 5 = 50 kN
Pedistrian live load for 1 joint = 50/4 = 12,5 kN

Total Live Load for 1 joint:

PL = 138,75+12,5= 151,25 kN

7 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Dead& Live Load

PD 2PD 2PD 2PD 2PD 2PD PD

112,04 224,08 224,08 224,08 224,,08 224,08 112,04

171,25 342,5 342,5 342,5 342,5 342,5 171,5

Dead Load
Live Load

The 2 end joints of truss, just carriout for 1 segmental, but the other, the joint are
carriout 2 segmental, so the live and dead load is twice than the end joint

8 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Wind Load

6,50

A1=30%
A2=15%

5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00

It’s assumed that the wind is Since the wind is acctualy

blow truss chord that equal to blow on all area of side
30% of bridge side face (A1), face, the wind force

A1=30%
A2=15%

and only 50% of the wind that resultan is assumed work

can blow trough the chord (A2) on center gravity of
(PPPJJR 1987) tapezodial face area
So the total affected area is
A =(A1+A2)

9 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Wind Load
The wind force is 150 kg/m2(1,47 kN/m2 )(PPPJR 87)
A1 = (30+25)/2 x 6,5x30% = 53,63 m2
A2 = (30+25)/2 x 6,5x15% = 26,81 m2
A total = A1+A2 = 80,44 m2  wind force Wf = 1,47 x 80,44 = 118,24 kN
The tapezodial center gravity is nearly half of its height, so for simplyfied it takes ½ x 6,50 = 3,25 m

Moment equilibrium
SM = -118,24 x 3,25 + Rx(9+0,15+0,15) = 0
118,24 kN R = 118,24 x 3,25= 41,32 kN
9+0,15+0,15
WL
3,25 m SFv = R-W = 0
W = R = 41,32 kN
0,15
9,00 0,15 The wind force on 1 joint is
Pw = 41,32/ 7 = 5,90 kN
R*
*R is virtual reaction that occcur due
to Resistance of truss to wind force

10 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Wind Load

Pw Pw Pw PW Pw Pw Pw
5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9

Wind Load

The eqivalent joint load due to wind force, is same for all bottom joint, because the
calculation done for all tapzodial face, not segmental

11 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Earth Quake Load
The Earthquake load is defined by E = Kh x Mass (PPPJR 87)
For example takes kh= 0,12, the Segmental calculation is:
Earthquake load on concrete deck (Eqd): 0,12 x (341,2/9,81) = 4,17 kN
Earthquake load on bridge truss (Eqt): 0,12 x (93,0/9,81) = 1,14 kN

Eqt is work on center of gravity of truss (simplified by half of heigth, 0,5 x 6,50 = 3,25)
Eqd is work on center gravity of concrete deck: (girder High + ½ concrete deck depth)
 (0,7+0,5*0,2) = 0,8 m
SM= -4,17 x 0,8-1,14 x 3,25+Rx9,3=0

4,17 x 0,8+1,14 x 3,25

R= = 0,76 kN
1,14 kN 9,3
Eq per segment = R = 0,76
2,45 m
Eq 3,25 m
Eq per joint= 0,76/4 = 0,19 kN
4,17 kN
0,8 m
0,15 9,00 0,15

R*

12 Steel truss system

 Bridge Steel Truss: Earth Quake Load

PEQ 2PEQ 2PEQ 2PEQ 2PEQ 2PEQ PEQ

0,19 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,19

Earth Quake

The 2 end joints of truss, just carriout for 1 segmental, but the other, the joint are
carriout 2 segmental, so the live and dead load is twice than the end joint

13 Steel truss system

 Bridge Load Combination

438,57 870,07 870,07 870,07 870,07 870,07 438,57

1,1 DL + 1,8 LL + 1,2 W

1,1 DL + 1,8 LL + 1,0 EQ

14 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

The gravity load that worked on truss bridge system are:

- Structural self weight
- Chord member self weight
- Joint plate weight
- Bolts
- Aditional superimposed weight
- Roof Closer (concrete roof, metal roof, etc)
- Roof closer suppot (gording, reng, usuk)
- Ceilling hangger truss
- Ceilling closer (plafon, gypsum)
- electriciry utility (wire system, lamp,)
- Live load
- Roof life load
- Worker live load
- Rain Drop

15 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

16 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

Source : SKBI 1987

17 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

Source : SKBI 1987

18 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

Source : SKBI 1987

Source : SNI 2013

19 Steel truss system
 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

Rain Drop
force

Live load
Worker

Source : SKBI 1987

20 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Gravity Load

NO Rain Drop
force

Live load
Worker

Source : SNI 2013

21 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Lateral load

The lateral load that worked on Roof truss system are:

- Wind load
- Earthquake load (from roof closer self weight)

22 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Lateral load

Source : SKBI 1987

23 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss: Lateral load

+0,9

Source : SKBI 1987

24 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss

2250
K-3 K-2 K-3

K1

2500
Segment

K1

2500
G G G
G G G
K-1

2500
K-1

2250
K-2
K-3 K-3

1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

25 Steel truss system

 Roof Truss

2300

2L 50x50x5
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
K-1

Inner truss chord : L 50x50x5 3,77 kg/m = 0,037 kN/m

Outer truss chord : 2L 50x50x5
Gording : C 100x50x20x3,2 5,19 kg/m = 0,051 kN/m*
Roof closer : Atap Genteng 50 kg/m2 = 0,490 kN/m2
Ceiling : Asbes Eternit 11 kg/m2 = 0,107 kN/m2
Ceiling hanger 7 kg/m2 = 0,06867 kN/m2
1×9,81
Conversion unit 1 kg/m2= = 0,00981 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
1000

26 Steel truss system

 2300

2L 50x50x5
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
K-1
Truss self weight for 1 segment: total length x unit weight

1. Truss outer chord (2L 50x50x5):

2x(9+2x 4,52 + 2,32 )m x 0,037 = .................. kN
2. Truss inner chord (L 50x50x5)
(2,3+2x1,53+2x0,77+2x1,68+2x2,15)m x 0,037 = .................. kN
3. Gording (C 100x50x20x3,2)
(8x2,5)m x 0,051 = .................. kN

4. Bolt, joint plate, others

15% x (1+2+3) = .................. kN
Total Self weight = .................. kN
…………………
Dead load for 1 joint = kN*
7
* Number of bottom joint is 7 joint

27 Steel truss system

 2300

2L 50x50x5
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
Wind load
Segment
K-1
2500

9000
a= atan(2,3/4,5) = 27,07o
Wind Load for 1 segment : Area x wind Load/area
Wind Load/are = 25 kg/m2  SKBI 1987 building far from coast line
1
1. Presure wind load :(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 4,5 x 2,5)m2x (0,02x27,07-0,4)x 25 = ...................kg
……………………. 9,81
2. Pressure wind load for 1 joint W1* = × kN
4 1000

1 9,81
3. Suction wind Load :(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼2,5x4,5)m2 x 0,4x25 = ...................kN
1000
…………………….
4. Suction wind load per 1 joint W2*= kN
4
* Number of gording that support roof closser for 1 side is 4 gording

28 Steel truss system

 Segment
K-1
2500

9000
a= atan(2,3/4,5) = 27,07o
Aditional weigth for 1 segment : Area x unit weight/area
1
1. Roof closer :(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 x 4,5x2,5)m2x0,49 = ...................kN
……………………
Aditional dead load for from roof closer (ADL1)* = kN
4
Ceiling
1. Ceiling :(2,5x9,0)m2 x 0,107 = ...................kN
2. Ceiling hanger :(2,5x9,0)m2 x 0,06867 = ...................kN
Total aditional weight = .................. kN
…………………
Aditional Dead load for 1 joint from ceiling (ADL2) ** = kN
7
Live Load
1. Rain :(40-0,8a)Kg/m2x0,0981 x (2,5 x9)m2 = ...............kN
…………………
Rain Load for 1 joint R* = . = ................kN
8
2. Worker live load Lr = 1,33 kN

* Number of gording that support roof closer is 8 gording for all side

29 Steel truss system

 Segment
K-1
2500

9000

a= atan(2,3/4,5) = 27,07o
Earth quake load : roof closer weight x kh
For example kh=0,05
1
1. Roof closer :(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 x 4,5x2,5)m2x0,49 = ...................kN
……………………
Aditional dead for 1 joint load for from roof closer (ADL1)* = kN
4
Earth quake Load (EQ) for 1 joint : kh x ADL1 = ...................kN

30 Steel truss system

 Wind load
2ADL1
ADL1 ADL1
ADL1 ADL1
ADL1
ADL1

ADL2 ADL2 ADL2 ADL2 ADL2 ADL2

ADL2 Aditional dead load

DL DL DL DL DL DL
DL
Dead load

31 Steel truss system

 R 2R
R
R R
R
R

Rain Load
Lr
Lr Lr
Lr
Lr
Lr
Lr

Live load (worker man)

DL DL DL DL DL DL
DL
Dead load

32 Steel truss system

 2EQ
EQ EQ
EQ EQ
EQ EQ

Earth Quake load

33 Steel truss system