Equations of Motion

Physics Support Materials
Higher Mechanics and Properties of Matter

 Solutions to Problems - Equations of Motion
Click on a question number
27, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
46, 47, 48, 49
Higher Mechanics and Properties of Matter Equations of Motion
27
 The graph below shows how the acceleration of an object varies with time.
The object starts from rest.
30
a / m s-2
20 4
v / m s-1
10 2
0 5 10 t/s
Draw a velocity - time graph for the first 10 s of the motion.
Click the mouse to continue

28
 The velocity time graph for an object is shown below.
Draw the corresponding acceleration - time graph.
v / m s-1 a / m s-2
10 10
5 5
0 t/s 0
2 3 4 10 0.5 2 3 4 10
3 t/s
10

33
 An object accelerates uniformly at 4 m s-2 from an initial speed of 8 m s-1.
How far does it travel in 10 s?
s?
1 2
v? s  ut  at
2
u  8 m s -1
1
a  4ms -2
s  8 10   4 102
2
t  10 s
s  80  200
s  280 m

34
 A car accelerates uniformly at 6 m s-2. Its initial speed is 15 m s-1 and it
covers a distance of 200 m. Calculate its final velocity.
s  200 m
v? v 2  u 2  2as
u  15 m s -1
v 2  152  2  6  200
a  6 m s -2
v 2  225  2400
t ?
v 2  2625
v  51.2 m s -1

35
 A ball is thrown to a height of 40 m above its starting point. With what
velocity was it thrown?
s  40 m Choose the initial direction as

being positive. i.e. up is +ve.
v0
u ? v 2  u 2  2as
a  9 . 8 m s - 2 02  u 2  2  (9.8)  40
t ?
0  u 2  784
u 2  784
u  28 m s -1
36
 A car travelling at 30 m s-1 slows down at 1.8 m s-2 over a distance of 250 m.
How long does it take to stop?
s  250 m v  u  at
v0
0  30  (1.8)  t
u  30 m s -1
a  1 . 8 m s - 2  30
t  16.7 s
t ?  1.8

37
 If a stone is thrown vertically down a well at 5 m s-1, calculate the time
taken for the stone to reach the water surface 60 m below.
s  60 m Choose the initial direction as

being positive. i.e. down is +ve.
v?
v 2  u 2  2as v  u  at
u 5ms -1
v 2  52  2  9.8  60 34.6  5  9.8  t

a  9. 8 m s -2
t ? 34.6  5
v 2  1201 t
v  34.6 m s -1 9.8
t  3s

38
 A tennis ball launcher is 0.6 m long and the velocity of a tennis ball
leaving the launcher is 30 m s-1. Calculate:
a) the average acceleration of a tennis ball .
s  0 .6 m v 2  u 2  2as
v  30 m s -1 302  02  2  a  0.6
900  1.2  a
u0 900
a  750 m s -2
a? 1.2
t ? b) the time of transit in the launcher .
v  u  at 30
t  0.04 s
30  0  750  t 750

39
 In an experiment to find ‘g’, a steel ball falls from rest through 40 cm.
The time taken is 0.29 s. What is the value calculated for ‘g’?
1 2
s  0 .4 m s  ut  at
2
v? 1
0.4  0  0.29   a  0.29 2
u0 2
a? 0.4  a  0.042
t  0.29 s 0.4
a  9.5 m s -2
0.042
g  9.5 m s -2
40
 A trolley accelerates down a slope. Two photocells spaced 0.5 m apart measure
the velocities to be 20 cm s-1 and 50 cm s-1. Calculate:
a) the acceleration of the trolley
s  0.5 m v 2  u 2  2as
v  0.5 m s -1 0.52  0.22  2  a  0.5
u  0.2 m s -1 0.25  0.04  a
a?
a  0.25  0.04  0.21 m s-2
t ?
b) the time taken to cover the 0.5 m
v  u  at
0.5  0.2
t
0.21
0.5  0.2  0.21 t t  1.43 s
41
 A helicopter is rising vertically at 10 m s-1 when a wheel falls off. The
wheel hits the ground 8 s later. Calculate at what height the helicopter was
flying when the wheel came off.
Choose the initial direction as
s?
being positive. i.e. up is +ve.
v? 1
s  ut  at 2
2
u  10 m s -1 1
s  10  8   (9.8)  82
a  9.8 m s -2 2
t  8s s  80  313.6
s  234 m
42
 A ball is thrown upwards from the side of a cliff as shown below.
4 m s-1

33 m being positive. i.e. up is +ve.
a) Calculate: Sea
i) the height of the ball above sea level after 2 s.

s? 1
s  ut  at 2
v? 2
u  4 m s -1 1
s  4  2   (9.8)  2 2
a  9.8 m s -2 2
s  8  19.6 The displacement of the ball is 11.6 m down.
t  2s This means the ball is 33 - 11.6 = 21.4 m above
s  11.6 m sea level

42 continued
4 m s-1

a) Calculate: Sea
ii) the ball’s velocity after 2 s.

s? v  u  at
v? v  4  (9.8)  2
u  4 m s -1 v  15.6 m s -1 (i.e.Down)
a  9.8 m s -2
t  2s

42 continued
4 m s-1

Sea
b) What is the total distance travelled by the ball from launch to landing in the sea?
Consider the motion of the ball from release to the top of its flight
s? v 2  u 2  2as
v0
02  42  2  (9.8)  s The ball travels 0.8 m up, 0.8 m back
u  4ms -1
to its starting point, then 33 m to the
0  16  19.6  s sea. i.e. 34.6 m in total
a  9.8 m s -2  16
s  0.8 m
t ?  19.6
43
 A box is released from a plane travelling with a horizontal velocity of 300 m s-1
and at a height of 300 m. Find:
a) how long it takes the box to hit the ground
Consider the vertical motion of the box
Down is the positive direction
1
s  ut  at 2
s  300 m 2
v? 1
300  0  t   9.8  t 2
2
u  0 m s -1
300  4.9  t 2
a  9.8 m s -2 300
t ? t2   61.2
4.9
t  7.8 s Click the mouse to continue
43 continued
 A box is released from a plane travelling with a horizontal velocity of
300 m s-1 and at a height of 300 m. Find:
b) the horizontal distance between the point of impact and the release point
Consider the horizontal motion of the box
v
s s  v t s  300  7.8
t s  2340 m
c) the position of the plane relative to the box at the time of impact
The box and the plane have the same horizontal motion
(constant speed), so they travel the distance horizontally as the
box falls. At impact, the plane is vertically above the box.

44
 A projectile is fired horizontally from the edge of a cliff at 12 m s-1 and
hits the sea 60 m away. Find:
a) the time of flight 12 m s-1
Sea
60 m
Consider the horizontal motion of the projectile
s s 60
v t t  5s
t v 12

44 continued
 A projectile is fired horizontally from the edge of a cliff at 12 m s-1 and
hits the sea 60 m away. Find:
b) the height of the starting point above the sea level
12 m s-1
Consider the vertical motion of the projectile
Down is the positive direction
s?
Sea
1 2
s  ut  at
60 m
v? 21
u  0 m s -1 s  0  5   9.8  52
2
a  9.8 m s -2
t  5s s  122.5 m

45
 A ball is projected horizontally at 15 m s-1 from the top of a vertical cliff.
It reaches the horizontal ground 45 m from the foot of the cliff.
a) Draw graphs, giving appropriate numerical values of the ball’s
i) horizontal speed against time
Calculating the time of flight:
v / m s-1
s s
v t 15
t v
10
45
t  3s 5
15
0
1 2 3 t/s

45 continued
a) Draw graphs, giving appropriate numerical values of the ball’s
ii) vertical speed against time

Calculating the final vertical velocity:
s? v  u  at v / m s-1
v? v  0  9.8  3 30
u  0 m s -1 v  29.4 m s -1 20
a  9.8 m s -2 10
t  3s 0
1 2 3 t/s

45 continued
b) Use a vector diagram to find the velocity of the ball 2 s after its projection.
After 2 s the horizontal velocity is 15 m s-1

After 2 s the vertical velocity is 20 m s-1
15 m s-1
 v2 = 152 + 202 20
sin    0.8
v2 = 625 25
v
20 m s-1 v = 25 m s-1   53o

46
 A projectile is fired across level ground taking 6 s to travel from A to B.
The highest point reached is C. Air resistance is negligible.
C
Velocity - time graphs for the
flight are shown below
A B
vH / m s-1 vv / m s-1
40 30
0 t/s 0 t/s
3 6 3 6
-30
a) Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of the projectile
The horizontal motion is a constant speed ( 40 m s -1)
The vertical motion is a constant acceleration ( 10 m s -2) Click the mouse to continue
46 continued
C vH / m s-1 vv / m s-1
40 30
A B 0 0
3 6 t/s 3 6 t/s
-30
b) Use a vector diagram to find the speed and angle at which the
projectile was fired from point A.
v 30 m s-1 v2 = 302 + 402 30

sin    0.6
 v2 = 2500 50
40 m s-1
v = 50 m s-1   37 o
46 continued
C vH / m s-1 vv / m s-1
40 30
A B 0 0
3 6 t/s 3 6 t/s
-30
c) Find the speed at position C. Explain why this is the smallest speed of the projectile.
The speed at C is 40 m s-1 ( The vertical speed is zero)
d) Calculate the height above the ground of point C.
s?
1
v0 s  ut  at 2 s  90  44.1
2
u  30 m s -1 s  46 m
1
a  9.8 m s -2
s  30  3   (9.8)  32
2
t  3s Click the mouse to continue
46 continued
C vH / m s-1 vv / m s-1
40 30
A B 0 0
3 6 t/s 3 6 t/s
-30
e) Find the range AB.
s s  40  6
v s  v t
t s  240 m

47
 An object of mass 5 kg is propelled with a speed of 40 m s-1 at an angle of
30o to the horizontal.
40 m s-1
30o
Range
Find:
a) the vertical component of its initial velocity
uv  u sin  uv  40  sin 30  uv  20 m s -1
b) the maximum vertical height reached Consider the vertical motion of the projectile
s?
v0 v 2  u 2  2as s
400
u  20 m s -1 19.6
02  202  2  (9.8)  s s  20.4 m
a  9.8 m s -2
t ? 19.6  s  400 Click the mouse to continue
48
 A missile is launched at 60o to the ground and strikes a target on a hill as
shown below.
100 m s-1
60o
400 m
If the initial speed of the missile was 100 ms -1 find:
a) the time taken to reach the target
uH  u cos s s 400
v t t
uH  100  cos 60 t v 50
uH  50 m s -1 t  8s
48 continued
 A missile is launched at 60o to the ground and strikes a target on a hill as
shown below.
100 m s-1
60o
400 m
If the initial speed of the missile was 100 ms -1 find:
b) the height of the target above the launcher. 1
s  ut  at 2
Consider the vertical motion of the projectile 2
s? 1
uv  u sin  v?
s  86.6  8   (9.8)  82
2
u v  100  sin 60 u  86.6 m s -1 s  692.8  313.6
u v  86.6 m s -1 a  9.8 m s -2 s  379 m
t  8s Click the mouse to continue
49
 A stunt driver hopes to jump across a canal of width 10 m. The drop to the
other side is 2 m as shown.
a) Calculate the horizontal speed required to make it to the other side.
v
Consider the vertical motion of the car
2m
s 2m 1
v? s  ut  at 2
10 m 2
Let the required speed of the car be v u0 1
Consider the horizontal motion of the car 2  0  t   9.8  t 2
s a  9.8 m s -2 2
v 10 t ?
t v 2  4.9  t 2
0.64
10
v v  15.6 m s -1 2
t t 
2
b) State any assumptions you have made. 4 .9

The calculations do not take into account the size of the car. In t  0.64 s
practice, the front of the car starts accelerating down before the back. Click the mouse to continue

Equations of Motion

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Physics Support Materials

Higher Mechanics and Properties of Matter

Click on a question number

Draw a velocity - time graph for the first 10 s of the motion.

Click the mouse to continue

Click the mouse to continue

Click the mouse to continue

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s  40 m Choose the initial direction as

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s  60 m Choose the initial direction as

v 2  52  2  9.8  60 34.6  5  9.8  t

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Choose the initial direction as

i) the height of the ball above sea level after 2 s.

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Choose the initial direction as

ii) the ball’s velocity after 2 s.

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Choose the initial direction as

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Consider the horizontal motion of the projectile

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Click the mouse to continue

Click the mouse to continue

Consider the vertical motion of the projectile

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After 2 s the horizontal velocity is 15 m s-1

Click the mouse to continue

v 30 m s-1 v2 = 302 + 402 30

Click the mouse to continue

b) State any assumptions you have made. 4 .9

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