Set 1

Kazvini, Koshla and Tang Ya Yew

 Question 1
“Grammar is a description of the rules for forming sentences, including
an account of the meanings that these forms convey”
(Thornbury, 1999, p.13)
a. Explain Briefly with an example, your understanding of the above statement.
b. English Language teaching and learning should include activities that help
students to apply grammar structures correctly. The Meaning, Use and Form
(MUF) framework can be used to teach grammar.
llustrate how would you teach one grammar item in context using the MUF
framework in a Year 4 KSSR classroom.
 Answer 1a
• Based on the statement above, grammar is partly the study of what
forms or structures are possible in a language. In other words,
grammar is a description of the rules that govern how a language’s
sentence are formed and explain why the sentences that formed are
acceptable. This also means that grammar is conventionally seen as
the study of the syntax (study of order of words in a sentence) and
morphology (study the formation of words) of sentences.
• For example, the sentence “Not we is not at home right now” is not
acceptable. This is because the syntax rules disallow the word ‘not’ is
in front of the sentence and the rules of morphology disallow the verb
to be ‘is’, is used after ‘we’. Hence, the correct sentence should be “
We are not at home right now”.
Cont.
• Next, the statement of ‘….including an account of the meanings that
these forms convey’ means grammar communicates meanings-
meanings of a very precise kind. Therefore, choosing the right
vocabulary is vital because vocabulary or words communicates
meanings and make sense in a context.

• For example, the sentence “ This is 0161234567. We are not at home

right now. Please leave a message after the beep” is acceptable as the
meaning is clearly conveyed and make sense in this context, where
the word ‘not’ implies that the host is not at home.
Answer 1b
Question 2
Developing resources to teach grammar is done by teachers to
promote active language learning. There are many principles that
teachers should consider in developing resources for the teaching of
grammar.

a. Identify two of the principles and elaborate.

b. Grammar games can become rich contexts for the teaching of a
variety of grammatical forms. Briefly describe an activity where the
grammar point below is taught through a grammar game.
Prepositions (of location)
e.g. in, on, under, at, next to,
in front of, behind, beside,
above
 Answer 2a
• One of the principles of developing resources is the learners’ level of
proficiency. Teachers must check the difficulty of language used in
selected materials especially the authentic ones-newspaper articles.
For example, if the resources such as newspaper are suitable to
your teaching-learning content but the level of the vocabulary used is
not suitable to the pupils’ level of proficiency, the teacher must make
some modification such as change the sophisticated words to a
simple one.
• Another principle that a teacher should consider in developing
resources is the learners’ prior knowledge. Teachers should consider
the take-off point in teaching. If not the learners will feel frustrated
and demotivated as they are not familiar with the content of the
resources.
Answer 2b
3 a. Briefly describe two types of grammar tests with
suitable examples for the Primary ESL classroom.
3b. Analyse the appropriateness of the cloze test give
above to assess grammar for Year 4 students.
Provide appropriate justification.
Section B: Question 1
• Evaluate the suitability of the steps and activities in the
lesson plan given for your advanced learners based on the
21st century learning principles. Justify your answer with
appropriate examples.
Section B: Question 2
• Based on the song given, prepare a 60 minute lesson
plan for a Year 4 class. Your lesson plan should include
the following.
• 1 grammar focus (regular verb past tense)
• 2 behavioural objectives
• Clear steps of a grammar lesson
• Relevant teaching/learning activities
• Relevant teaching materials
• Appropriate 21st century learning skills