Soal 5.

57
• On average, a textbook author makes two
wordprocessing errors per page on the first
draft of her textbook. What is the probability
that on the next page she will make (a) 4 or
more errors? (b) no errors?
 Jawab
• 𝑋 adalah jumlah kesalahan yang memiliki Distribusi Poisson dengan
𝜆=2
• Dengan rumus Distribusi Poisson 𝑥
(𝜆𝑡)
P (𝑋 = 𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡
𝑥!
• (a) 4 or more errors
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 4) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 3)
= 1 − P(X=0) + P(X=1) + P(X=2) + P(X=3)
−2 20 21 22 23
=1− 𝑒 [ + + + ]
0! 1! 2! 3!
= 1 – 0,8571
= 0,143
(b) no errors That is
−2 20
𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 𝑒 ( )
0!
= 0.1353
 Soal 5.61
• Suppose that, on average, 1 person in 1000
makes a numerical error in preparing his or
her income tax return. If 10,000 returns are
selected at random and examined, find the
probability that 6, 7, or 8 of them contain an
error.
 Jawab
1
• Probabilitas sukses P = = 0,001
1000
• X dengan parameter n = 10000, p = 0,001
• μ =nxp
= 10000 x 0,001 = 10
• Dengan rumus Distribusi Poisson 𝑥
𝜇
P 𝑋 = μ = 𝑒 −μ
𝑥!
• Probabilitas 6,7, atau 8 mengandung kesalahan
• 𝑃(6≤ 𝑋 ≥ 8) = P(X=6) + P(X=7) + P(X=8)
6 7 8
−10 10 −10 10 −10 10
= 𝑒 + 𝑒 + 𝑒
6! 7! 8!
= 0,0630 + 0,0900 + 0,1125
= 0,2655
 Soal 6.7
• Given a standard normal distribution, find the
value of k such that
(a) P(Z>k)=0 .2946;
(b) P(Z<k)=0 .0427;
(c) P(−0.93 <Z<k)=0 .7235
 Jawab
• a) P(Z > k) = 0,2946
P(Z > k) = 1 – P(Z ≤ k)
P(Z ≤ k) = 1 – P(Z > k)
= 1 – 0,2946
= 0,7054
• Pada tabel Standar normal distribusi adalah
k = 0, 54
 Jawab
• b) P(Z < k) = 0,0427

Pada tabel Standar normal distribusi adalah

k = – 1,72

• c) 𝑃(– 0,93 ≤ 𝑋 ≥ k) = 0,7235

𝑃(– 0,93 ≤ 𝑋 ≥ k) = P(Z < k ) – P( Z < – 0,93)

P(Z < k ) = 𝑃(– 0,93 ≤ 𝑋 ≥ k) + P( Z < – 0,93)
= 0,7325 + 0,1762
= 0,8997
Pada tabel Standar normal distribusi adalah
k = 1,28
 Soal 6.8
• Given a normal distribution with μ = 30 and σ
= 6, find (a) the normal curve area to the right
of x = 17; (b) the normal curve area to the left
of x = 22; (c) the normal curve area between x
= 32 and x = 41; (d) the value of x that has 80%
of the normal curve area to the left; (e) the
two values of x that contain the middle 75% of
the normal curve area.
 Jawab
• Normal distribusi dengan μ = 30 dan σ = 6

• a) the normal curve area to the right of x = 17

x−μ 17−30
z= = = – 2,1667 ≈ – 2,17
𝜎 6

P(X > 17) = P(Z > – 2,17)

P(Z ≤ k) = 1 – P(Z ≤ – 2,17)
= 1 – 0,0150
= 0,985

• b) the normal curve area to the left of x = 22

x−μ 22−30
z= = = –1,33
𝜎 6

P(X < 22) = P(Z < – 1,33)

= 0,0918
 Jawab
• c) the normal curve area between x = 32 and x = 41
x−μ 32−30
𝑧1 = = = 0,33
𝜎 6
x−μ 41−30
𝑧2 = = = 1,83
𝜎 6

𝑃(32 ≤ 𝑋 < 41) = P(X < 41 ) – P( Z < 32)

= P(𝑧2 < 1,83 ) – P(𝑧1 < 0,33)
= 0,9664 – 0,6293
= 0,3371
• d) the value of x that has 80% of the normal curve area to the left
P(Z < 0,80) = 0,7881
x−μ
z =
𝜎
x = 𝜎z + µ
= 6 x 0,7881 + 30
= 34,7286
 Jawab
• e) the two values of x that contain the middle 75% of the normal curve
area.
𝑃(– 𝑧 ≤ Z ≥ z) = 0,75
P(Z ≤ z) – P(Z ≥– z) = 0,75
P(Z ≤ z) – (1 – P(Z ≤ z) = 0,75
2P(Z ≤ z) – 1 = 0,75
2P(Z ≤ z) = 1,75
P(Z ≤ z) = 0,875
Area 0,875 di sebelah kanan 𝑧1 = -1,15, 𝑧2 = 1,15

x−μ
𝑧1 =
𝜎
𝑥1 = 𝜎z + µ = = 6 x (– 1,15) + 30 = 23,1

x−μ
𝑧2 =
𝜎
𝑥2 = 𝜎z + µ = = 6 x (1,15) + 30 = 36,9
 Soal 6.11
• A soft-drink machine is regulated so that it
discharges an average of 200 milliliters per cup. If
the amount of drink is normally distributed with
a standard deviation equal to 15 milliliters, (a)
what fraction of the cups will contain more than
224 milliliters? (b) what is the probability that a
cup contains between 191 and 209 milliliters? (c)
how many cups will probably overflow if
230milliliter cups are used for the next 1000
drinks? (d) below what value do we get the
smallest 25% of the drinks?
 Jawab
• Diketahui μ = 200ml/cup dan σ = 15ml/cup

• a) what fraction of the cups will contain more

than 224 milliliters?
x−μ 224−200
z= = = 1,6
𝜎 15
P(X > 224) = P(Z > 1,6)
= 1 – P(Z < 1,6)
= 1 – 0,9452
= 0,0548
 Jawab
• b) what is the probability that a cup contains
between 191 and 209 milliliters?
x−μ 191−200
𝑧1 = = = − 0,6
𝜎 15
x−μ 209−200
𝑧2 = = = 0,6
𝜎 15

𝑃(− 0,6 ≤ 𝑋≤0,6)= P(Z ≤ 0,6 ) – P(Z ≤ − 0,6)

= 0,7257 – 0,2743
= 0,4514
 Jawab
• c) how many cups will probably overflow if
230milliliter cups are used for the next 1000 drinks?
x−μ 230−200
z= = =2
𝜎 15
P(X > 230) = P(Z > 2)
= 1 – P(Z ≤ 2)
= 1 – 0,9772
= 0,0228
untuk 1000 minuman berikutnya
E(x) = n x p
= 1000 x 0,0228
= 22,8 = 23
 Jawab
• d) below what value do we get the smallest 25% of
the drinks?
P(X < x) = 0,25
x−μ
P(Z < ) = 0,25
𝜎
x−200
P(Z < ) = 0,25
15
x−200
= 0,25
15
x−200
= – 0,6745
15
X = 189,88
 Soal 6.18
• The heights of 1000 students are normally
distributed with a mean of 174.5 centimeters
and a standard deviation of 6.9 centimeters.
Assuming that the heights are recorded to the
nearest half-centimeter, how many of these
students would you expect to have heights (a)
less than 160.0 centimeters? (b) between
171.5 and 182.0 centimeters inclusive? (c)
equal to 175.0 centimeters? (d) greater than
or equal to 188.0 centimeters?
 Jawab
• Diketahui μ = 174,5 cm dan σ = 6,9 cm
• a) less than 160.0 centimeters
x−μ 160−174,5
z= = = – 2,10
𝜎 6,9
P(X < 160) = P(Z < – 2,10)
= 0,0179
1000 siswa
E(X) = n x p
= 1000 x 0,0179
= 17,9 = 18
 Jawab
• b) between 171.5 and 182.0 centimeters inclusive?
x−μ 171,5−174,5
𝑧1 = = = − 0,4348 = -0,43
𝜎 6,9
x−μ 182−174,5
𝑧2 = = = 1,0870 = 1,9
𝜎 6,9

𝑃(171,5 ≤ 𝑋≤1,82) = P(Z ≤ 1,9 ) –P(Z ≤ −0,4)

= 0,8621 – 0,3336
= 0,5285
1000 siswa
E(X) = n x p
= 1000 x 0,5285
= 528,5 = 529
 Jawab
• c) equal to 175.0 centimeters?
x−μ 175,5−174,5
𝑧1 = = = 0,14
𝜎 6,9
x−μ 174,5−174,5
𝑧2 = = =0
𝜎 6,9

𝑃(174,5 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 175,5) = P(Z ≤ 0,14 ) –P(Z ≤ 0 )

= 0,5557 – 0,5
= 0,0557
1000 siswa
E(X) = n x p
= 1000 x 0,0557
= 55,7 = 56
 Jawab
• d) greater than or equal to 188.0 centimeters?
x−μ 188−174,5
z= = = 1,956 = 1,96
𝜎 6,9
P(X ≥ 188) = P(Z ≥ 1,96)
= 1 – P(Z ≤ 1,96)
= 1 – 0,9750
= 0,025
1000 siswa
E(X) = n x p
= 1000 x 0,025
= 25