18CMP31 – PROJECT WORK – PHASE I

EFFECTIVE SELECTION OF RESOURCES FOR

HIGH RISE BUILDINGS USING PROGRAM TOOL

Second review
Student Name Guide by

Dhanasekar G Mr. A. Sivakumar

18CMR003 Asst. Professor

II YEAR - CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
PERUNDURAI
AIM
■ The aim is to prepare a user friendly program tool for effective selection of
construction resources.
OBJECTIVES
■ To find constraints in effective selection of construction resources.
■ To prepare a program tool which is user approachable.
■ To make use of tool by resource manager in field for selection of resources for
particular work and its quantity.
INTRODUCTION
 Present construction sector facing lots of constraints to do each activity which cause delay in completion
of project, this results in cost overrun from the over all construction cost.
 Ineffective selection of construction resources is one of the major factor that affects the delay in
completion of project and overall cost.
 Three main resources of construction is Man power, Material and Machineries.
 Fresh site engineers, resource managers and even well experienced persons are have lacking knowledge in
choosing the Man power, Material and Machineries.
 To rectify this a program tool was planned to prepare with the help of ANDROID STUDIO (mobile
application creating software).
 For this main project phase 1, I choose MAN POWER only.
 This tool helps to order man power for the respective work.
TRIPLE M for Construction

1.Machineries – Mini Project

2.Man Power – Main Project Phase I
3.Materials – Main Project Phase II
JOURNAL TITLE Investigation of Significant Factors Influencing Time and Cost Overruns in Indian Construction
Projects

JOURNAL NAME Procedia Engineering 182 (2017): 510-517

AUTHOR S. Shanmugapriya, Dr. K. Subramanian

METHODOLOGY  54 factors related to cost overruns and 76 factors related to time overruns were identified through
FOLLOWED literature survey.
 The respondents were requested to rate the factors using five point scale.(5-very high, 4-high, 3-
medium, 2-low, 1-very low)

FACTORS Uneven order of labour

IDENTIFIED

PLACE OF STUDY India

YEAR 2013
5
JOURNAL TITLE Significant factors causing cost overruns in the construction industry in Afghanistan

JOURNAL NAME Procedia Engineering 182 (2017): 510-517

AUTHOR Niazi, Ghulam Abbas, and Noel Painting

METHODOLOGY  69 factors were identified through literature survey.

FOLLOWED  Questionnaire were formed and distributed to 79 participants(30 clients, 30 contractors and 15
consultant firms).
 Response from only 55 participants (out of 4 invalid).
 Data analysis and Discussion.
 Ranking the cause of overrun.

FACTORS Choosing unskilled labour

IDENTIFIED

PLACE OF STUDY Afghanistan

YEAR 2017
6
JOURNAL TITLE Analysis factors affecting delays in Indian Construction Projects

JOURNAL NAME International Journal of Project Management, 30(2012)479-489

AUTHOR Hemanta Doloi, Anil Sawhney, K.C.Iyer and Sameer Rentala

METHODOLOGY  45 factors related to factors which making the construction project delay were considered in the
FOLLOWED survey and identified the factors which affecting the most.

FACTORS Inefficient handling of labour was also a factor indirectly affects the delay of projects.
IDENTIFIED

PLACE OF STUDY India

YEAR 2012
7
JOURNAL TITLE Delays and cost overruns in the construction projects in the Gaza Strip

JOURNAL NAME Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 2017 Vol. 14 Issue: 2, pp.126-151

AUTHOR Adnan Enshassi, Jomah Al‐Najjar, Mohan Kumaraswamy.

METHODOLOGY  A comprehensive list of cost overrun and delays was compiled through literature review and
FOLLOWED pilot study.
 Based on the previous stidies136 factors were identified and grouped under 12 categories.
 The collected data was analysed using importance index.
 Spearman rank correlation coefficient was determined to rank the factors.

FACTORS Lack of materials in markets, delay of material delivery to site, cash flow problem during
IDENTIFIED construction, shortage of construction materials at site, poor site management.

PLACE OF STUDY Gaza

YEAR 2017
JOURNAL TITLE Delay and cost overrun in infrastructure projects in Jordan

JOURNAL NAME Procedia Engineering 182 (2017): 18-24

AUTHOR Al-Hazim, Nabil, Zaydoun Abu Salem, and Hesham Ahmad

METHODOLOGY  Report of sample from 40 public infrastructure. projects(2000-2008)

FOLLOWED  Report collected from MPWH.(Ministry of Public Work and Housing).
 20 factors were identified.

FACTORS 1. Variation orders.

IDENTIFIED 2. Availability of labors.
3. Payment delay.
4. Market condition(availability of resource).
5. Cost of variance orders.
6. Delay in decision.

PLACE OF STUDY Jordan

YEAR 2017
JOURNAL TITLE A critical review of the causes of cost overrun in construction industries in developing countries

JOURNAL NAME International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 03 (2017): 2550-2558

AUTHOR Ahady, S., S. Gupta, and R. K. Malik

METHODOLOGY  A Questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the causes of cost overrun.
FOLLOWED  A total of 30 filled questionnaires were collected from clients, consultants and contractors.
 The respondents were asked to rate the listed causes on the basis of probability of occurrence
and severity of impact.
 From the analysis of the results it was found that consensus of opinion exists between
respondents on the causes of cost overrun.

FACTORS Poor management

IDENTIFIED

PLACE OF STUDY India

YEAR 2017
JOURNAL TITLE Cost overrun in the Malaysian construction industry projects: A deeper insight.

JOURNAL NAME International Journal of Project Management 32, no. 8 (2014): 1471-1480.

AUTHOR Shehu, Zayyana, Intan Rohani Endut, Akintola Akintoye, and Gary D. Holt

METHODOLOGY  Based on the literature survey Questionnaire were designed.

FOLLOWED  Questionnaire designed into two parts.
 First part is related to respondent detail and their project
 Second part is the specific features of the project.(type of project, nature of work, location,
sector, procurement and tender).
 Survey was conducted through 15 companies and data were collected
 Data analysis and discussion were carried out.

FACTORS It has been established that more than half of Malaysian construction projects (55%) experienced
IDENTIFIED cost overruns and that public sector projects performed better than private sector projects.

PLACE OF STUDY Malaysia

YEAR 2014
JOURNAL TITLE Investigation into the Causes of Delays and Cost Overruns in Uganda's Public Sector Construction
Projects

JOURNAL NAME Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 18(2), 33–47, 2013

AUTHOR Henry Alinaitwe, Ruth Apolot and Don Tindiwensi

METHODOLOGY 1.Initial version of questionnaire.(Literature survey)

FOLLOWED 2.Face to face discussion (Opinion from professionals)
3.Pilot Study.(Compare most important factor and finalized questionnaire)
4.Questionnaire survey and case study (to identify the most important factor)

FACTORS The five most important causes of delays and cost overrun were found to be change in the work
IDENTIFIED scope, delayed payment to the contractors, poor monitoring and control, high inflation and interest
rates.

PLACE OF STUDY Uganda

YEAR 2013
JOURNAL TITLE Factors causing cost overruns in construction of residential projects; case study of turkey

JOURNAL NAME International journal of science and management (2012) 1(1): 3-12

AUTHOR Serdar durdyev, syuhaida ismail and nooh abu bakar

METHODOLOGY  Questionnaire was constructed with the help of literature review and distributed to 120
FOLLOWED respondents.
 Questionnaire used in this survey contain five groups of factors and each group contain 5 to 11
sub factors.
 Questionnaire was reviewed by 2 project manager, 2 contractors and 2 subcontractors.

FACTORS Out of 120 respondents only 79 responded.

IDENTIFIED Based on the response and analysis ,the result show that most of the problems in the residential
construction project originate from poor resource management (human, technical and material).

PLACE OF STUDY Turkey

YEAR 2012
JOURNAL TITLE Delay and Cost Overruns in Vietnam Large Construction Projects: A Comparison with Other
Selected Countries

JOURNAL NAME KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering (2008) 12(6):367-377

AUTHOR Long Le-Hoai, Young Dai Lee, and Jun Yong Lee

METHODOLOGY  21 factors were identified through literature review, case analysis of newspaper, interviews with
FOLLOWED experts and participants in the construction industry.
 After identifying the factors, questionnaire were framed.
 Questionnaire survey was conducted to 87 Vietnamese construction experts.
 Questionnaires are collected and processed by SPSS V13 software.

FACTORS Among 21 factors poor site management and supervision, poor project management assistance,
IDENTIFIED financial difficulties of owner and financial difficulties of contractors are ranked first.

PLACE OF STUDY Vietnam

YEAR 2008
JOURNAL TITLE Reasons for cost overrun in public sector construction projects in Nigeria

JOURNAL NAME Project Management Vol 8 No 4 November 1990

AUTHOR M M Dlakwa and M F Culpin

METHODOLOGY  Questionnaire was formed based on the literature survey.

FOLLOWED  Questionnaire was distributed to the public sector agencies who are qualified members of
construction industry (architects, builders, engineers and quantity surveyors and to consultants
and contractors)

FACTORS Based on the questionnaire survey it is found that lack of prompt payment by agencies to
IDENTIFIED contractors and fluctuations in material, labour and plant costs are the most important factor that
lead to cost overrun.

PLACE OF STUDY Nigeria

YEAR
JOURNAL TITLE Development of Smartphone-based Student Attendance System

JOURNAL NAME IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference(R10-HTC) 21-23

AUTHOR Md. Milon Islam; Md. Kamrul Hasan: Md Masum Billah: Md. Manik Uddin

METHODOLOGY  Implementing the Smartphone-based Student Attendance System in respective place of research
FOLLOWED and collecting feedback about the new system

FACTORS Difficulties in conventional form Student Attendance System

IDENTIFIED Advancement and accurate work progress by using the new system

PLACE OF STUDY Dhaka, Bangladesh

YEAR 2017
Poor maintenance Unsafe working

Less Efficiency Less Productivity

Unskilled operator Unskilled labors

Ineffective selection Unavailability of labors

LOSS OF CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS DUE TO
COST AND TIME OVERRUN
Poor quality materials

Damage while handling

Lack of materials in site

Delayed Reorder of materials

Institutional Industrial Apartments Commercial
 APPLICATIONS

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION

SCHEDULING & FAST TRACKING

CRASHING
 Factors
 Familiarity
 Accessibility Tool may
 User friendly be as
 Economical
 Preparation

Dynamic blog OR Android mobile app

APPLICATION GAP ANALYSIS

22
 + LANGUAGES

USER
DETAILS

Entered in 1st
Interface page
triplemdhana@gmail.com
FEEDBACK
AND
RESPONSES

23
24
Negative feedback for existing TRIPLE M for CONSTRUCTION

1. Graphics and processor of the application

is too slow.

25
WORK SCHEDULE

DESCRIPTION UPTO

Title finalization Zeroth review

Data collection preliminary work

Literature collection and study First review

Data collection Second review

Program tool preparation Third review

MONTH\WEEK 1st WEEK 2nd WEEK 3rd WEEK 4th WEEK

Zeroth Review/ Literature

Topic
JULY Literature Collection And Factors Findin
Discussion
Collection Study

Journal Paper First Review/

Work Tree
Discussion Data Collection Data Collection
AUGUST Poster
And Preliminary Work Plan
Preparation
Preparation Work

SEPTEMBER Data Collection Processing The Collected Data

NOTE: Prepared work schedule

only for Phase 1 Man Power
Feeding Resource, same work schedule
Collecting
OCTOBER Collected Data will be followed for Phase 2
Feedbacks
In Tool Material Resource
TENTATIVE METHODOLOGY
Title finalization

Literature collection and

study
Field survey and data
collection

Creating program tool

Feeding data in tool

Make use of tool by resource

managers

Collecting feedback for tool

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DATA COLLECTED FROM

 Project Managers
 Site Supervisors
 Labour Contractors
 Head Mason
 Mason
 Shuttering Workers
 Painters
 Mazdoors

COLLECTED DATA EXTRACTED FOR ONE

DAY PRODUCTIVITY
 Upto 7’ Inner & Ceiling
1 Mason 1 Mason
1 Male Mazdoor 1 Male Mazdoor
10’ x 7’ 150 sq.ft

Above 7’
1 Mason
1 Male Mazdoor Outer
1 Female Mazdoor 1 Mason
10’ x 7’ 1 Male Mazdoor
100 sq.ft

White wash – 1500 Sqft Floor tile

2 Mason
Primer – 1100 Sqft 2 Mazdoor
300 to 400 Sqft
Putty – 500 to 600 Sqft
Wall tile
Paint 1st Coat – 1000 to 2 Mason
1250 Sqft 2 Mazdoor
400 to 500 Sqft
Paint 2nd Coat – 900 to
1100 Sqft
Material loading Truck operator – 1 Material loading
Cement – 2 Mazdoor Pump Operator – 1 Cement – 2 Mazdoor
Fine Aggregate – 2 Mazdoor
Fine Aggregate – Self Loading Levelling and Compaction work Coarse Aggregate – 2 Mazdoor
Coarse Aggregate – Self Loading Head Mason – 1 Water – 1 Mazdoor
Water – Self Loading Mason - 1
Male Mazdoor – 1 Machine operator – 1
Truck operator – 1 Per 1000 Sqft
Levelling and Compaction work
Levelling and Compaction work Head Mason – 1
Head Mason – 1 Mason - 1
Mason - 1 Male Mazdoor - 1
Male Mazdoor - 1

 Depend upon site conditions for convey the materials number of mazdoor will added
Fitter – 2
Helper – 2

For 100 Sqft

 REFERENCES
[1] Abd Shukor, A.S., Mohammad, M.F., Mahbub,R. And Ismail, F., (2011) “Supply Chain Integration in
Industrialised Building System in the Malaysian Construction Industry”. The Built Environment Review, Vol. 4,
Special Issue 1.

[2] Al-Hazim, Nabil, Zaydoun Abu Salem, and Hesham Ahmad. "Delay and cost overrun in infrastructure projects
in Jordan." Procedia Engineering 182 (2017): 18-24.

[3] Bubshait A.A. and Al-Juwairah, Y.A. “Factors Contributing to Construction Costs in Saudi Arabia, Cost
Engineering”. Vol. 44(5), pp. 30-34.

[4] Chan, D.W.M. and Kumaraswamy,M.M. (1997) “A Comparative Study of Causes of Time Overruns in Hong
Kong Construction Projects”. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 15(1), pp. 55-63.

[5] Chan, S. L. and Park M., (2005) Project Cost Estimation Using Principal Component Regression, Construction,
Management & Economics, Vol. 23 (3), pp 295-304.

[6] Dlakwa, M. M., and M. F. Culpin. "Reasons for overrun in public sector construction projects in
Nigeria." International Journal of Project Management 8, no. 4 (1990): 237-241.

[7] Durdyev, Serdar, Syuhaida Ismail, and N. Abu Bakar. "Factors causing cost overruns in construction of
residential projects: case study of Turkey." International Journal of Science and Management 1, no. 1 (2012): 3-12.
35
[8] Elhag, T.M.S., Boussabaine, A.H., and Ballal, T.M.Acritical (2005) Determinants of construction tendering
costs: “Quantity Surveyor’s standpoint. International Journal of Project Management”. Vol. 23, pp. 538545.

[9] Enshassi, Adnan, Jomah Al-Najjar, and Mohan Kumaraswamy. "Delays and cost overruns in the construction
projects in the Gaza Strip." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 14, no. 2 (2009): 126-151.

[10] Ahmed, Syed M., Salman Azhar, M. Castillo, and P. Kappagantula. "Construction delays in Florida: An
empirical study." Final report. Department of Community Affairs, Florida, US (2002).

[11] Azhar, Nida, Rizwan U. Farooqui, and Syed M. Ahmed. "Cost overrun factors in construction industry of
Pakistan." In First International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries (ICCIDC–I), Advancing and
Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice, pp. 499-508. 2008.

[12] Odeck, James. "Cost overruns in road construction—what are their sizes and determinants?." Transport
policy 11, no. 1 (2004): 43-53.

[13] Love, Peter ED, Chun-Pung Sing, Xiangyu Wang, Zahir Irani, and Didibhuku W. Thwala. "Overruns in
transportation infrastructure projects." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 10, no. 2 (2014): 141-159.

[14] Olawale, Yakubu Adisa, and Ming Sun. "Cost and time control of construction projects: inhibiting factors and
mitigating measures in practice." Construction management and economics 28, no. 5 (2010): 509-526.

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