Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Na channel
Canalul de Potasiu
Clasificare
Partiale (focale) Generalizate
• Simple • Tonice
– Motorii • Atonice
– Senzitive • Clonice
– Vegetative • Tonico-clonice
– Psihice • Mioclonice
• Complexe • Absente
• Secundar generalizate Neclasificabile
Epilepsy Primary Generalized Epilepsy Focal or Partial
Seizure Features
Auras Not present Present
Prodrome Occasionally present Occasionally present
Starting with LOC Present Present
Starting with automatisms Not usually present Present
Prolonged postical confusion
Not usually present Present
without generalization
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure Present Present
True versive head movements Not present Present
Focal motor clonic or
Not usually present Present
tonic seizures
Risk Factors for Epilepsy
Family history of seizures May be present Not usually present
History of CNS infections, head
truama, febrile seizures, CNS Not usually present May be present
tumors, vascular malformation
Examination Findings
Neurologic examination Usually normal May be abnormal
Neuroimaging Findings
Brain MRI Usually normal May be abnormal
EEG Findings
Copyright 2002 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Generalized epileptiform activity Present Not present
Return to Epilepsy Article
• Epileptogeneza
• Descarcarea anormala
are ca punct de plecare
o zona bine delimitata
– focar epileptic.
Investigatii
• Electroencefalografia – analiza spectrala
• Computer Tomografia cerebrala (CT)
• Imageria prin rezonanta magnetica (IRM)
• Tehnici de imagerie functionala:
– PET
– fMRI
• Monitorizarea video - EEG
EEG - normal
Complexe virf-unda
fMRI
PET
Crize generalizate
• Crizele Grand Mal
• Crizele de absenta
• Crize tonice
• Crize atone
• Crize mioclonice
Epilepsia Grand Mal
Crizele de absenta
Crize partiale motorii
• Crize somatice motorii (clonii pe jumatate de
corp)
• Crize Jacksoniene motorii
• Crize oculocefalogire
• Crize adversive
• Crize de arie motorie suplimentara (vocalizari si
contractiile membrelor)
• Crize tonice
• Crize miotonice
Crize partiale senzitive
• Crize Jacksoniene senzitive
• Crize vizuale
• Crize auditive
• Crize vestibulare
• Crize olfactive si gustative
• Crize vegetative
Crize partiale complexe
Afectarea ariilor de asociatie:
• Alterarea partiala a starii de constienta
• Starea de vis,
• Déjà vu,
• Jamais vu
• Crize de furie, frica, bucurie…
Crize partiale motorii si senzitive
Crize partiale complexe
• Medicamentos
• Chirurgical
• Stimulare vagala
Principii de tratament
• Monoterapie
• Politerapie
• Titrare
• Oprirea medicatiei
Medicamente eficiente in crizele de
absenta
• Etosuximida
• Oxazolidindiona
Medicamente eficiente in toate crizele cu
exceptia absentelor
• Fenobarbital
• Fenitoin
• Carbamaxepin
Medicamente eficiente in toate tipurile de
crize
• Valproat de sodiu
• Clonazepam
Status epileptic
• Crize subintrante
• Tratament injectabil cu :
–Clonazepam
–Diazepam
–Fenitoin
Antiepileptice: Spectru de activitate
Spectru larg Spectru ingust
• Hipertrofie gingivala
• Hirsutism
• Ovar polichistic
• Carente de folat
• Boala Dupuytren
• Modificari ale metabolismului osos
Tratament chirurgical
• Rezectia focarului epileptic
• Lobectomie
• Hemisferectomie
• Calosotomie
Stimularea vagala
• Electrozii de stimulare
sunt atasati pe nervul
vag
• Stimularea se face
intermitent
• Indicat in forme de
epilepsie refractara
Status epilepticus
Status epileptic
“convulsii care durează în mod continuu peste 5
minute (la adult sau copil peste 5 ani), sau
două sau mai multe convulsii între care
conştienţa nu este complet recuperată”
(Lowenstein, Epilepsia 1999; 40:120-2)
Evoluţie
Modificari Modificari
sistemice sistemice cu
Deces
reversibile risc vital/
ireversibile
G. Julius
Caesar
Sokrates Gustave Flaubert