Well Test 2 Course

Global Training Course

Hand Calculations

Gas Calculations
What is the formulae for working out the gas rate?

Qscf/d = hwpf x Fu x Fg x Fb x Ftf x Fpv x Y2

What would we report the rate as?
scf/day (Standard Cubic Feet per day)
Mscf/day (Thousands of Standard Cubic Feet per day)
MMscf/day (Millions of Standard Cubic feet per
day)
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Hand Calculations

Hw, What is it?

Differential pressure in inches of water.

What % range should you try and keep
the differential pressure in?
You should try and keep the pressure range
within 30% to 90% of the range.
If using a 0 to 400 inches H2O chart, the
reading should fall with 120 to 360 inches
H2O.
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Hand Calculations

Pf, What is it?

Absolute Static Pressure.

What do we mean by absolute static pressure?
It means gauge pressure psig +
Atmospheric Pressure of 14.7psi.
The square root of HwPf is the first of the
calculations required for the gas rate to be
calculated.
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Hand Calculations

d – not shown in the formulae!

What does it mean?

The diameter of the orifice. E.g.
1.25inches.
You will need this to calculate the gas
rate.
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Hand Calculations

Fu, What is this?

A correction factor which is dependent

upon the standard conditions and gas rate
units. If the base pressure and
temperature are 14.73 psia and 60oF and
the rate is to be reported in cubic feet per
day, Fu will equal 24. If other standard
conditions or units are needed the Fu factor will
differ.
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Hand Calculations

Fg. 1/G, What is this?

The specific gravity factor equals 1

divided by the gas gravity and
determining the square root of the result.
The factor will normally remain fairly
stable during the course of a particular
flow rate once stabilized separator
conditions have been achieved.
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Hand Calculations

hw Pf, What is this.

This factor is obtained by multiplying the

differential (hw) in inches of water times
the absolute static pressure (Pf) in psia
and determining the square root of the
product of the two numbers.
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Hand Calculations

Fb. What is this?

The basic orifice factor depends upon:

the location of the differential taps; the diameter
of the orifice, d; and upon the internal diameter
of the pipe, D. For standard orifices and meter
tubes and for flange taps the value of Fb is
given in the table. Be certain to use the correct
line bore which is stamped on the Daniel
housing and flange.
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Hand Calculations

Fpv, What is this?

The supercompressibility factor is the

correction factor to account for the
deviation of the natural gas from the ideal
gas laws. Compressibility is a function of
pressure, temperature and gas
composition.
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Hand Calculations

Y1/Y2, What is this?

The expansion factor Y1 is taken Upstream and Y2 is

taken from the downstream pressure tap to obtain a
pressure correction for the density of gas to be used in \
the flow equation.
EXPRO Well Test use both upstream and downstream
methods.
You must make sure that you are using the correct
calculation for figures given.
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Hand Calculations

Using all the previous formulae!

Corrected gas flow rate (Qg). The
corrected gas rate is obtained by
multiplying the various factors times each
other to determine the number of cubic
feet of gas at the designated standard
conditions.
The gas flow rate is determined by the use of
the following formula:
Qscf/d = hwpf x Fu x Fg x Fb x Ftf x Fpv x Y1 (or Y2)
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Hand Calculations

Now lets work a gas rate out!

What information do you need?

• Diff range = 0 -100
• Static Range = 0 -1500
• Gas Gravity = .733
• Flow Duration = 30 mins
• Static Pressure = 250psig
• Diff = 59 H2O
• Downstream Gas Temp = 45
• Orifice Plate Size = 1.250
• Daniels Meter Size 5.761
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations
Global Training Course
Hand Calculations