Chapter 3

“EARLY EDUCATION IN
CALAMBA AND BIÑAN”
How did you learn the
alphabet?
The Hero’s First Teacher

 Doña Teodora was Jose’s first non-formal teacher

 On her lap, Jose learned prayers and the alphabet at
the age of three
Private Tutors of Rizal

 Maestro Celestino was Jose’s first private tutor

 Maestro Lucas Padua was the second private tutor
 Maestro Leon Monroy became the hero’s tutor in
Spanish and Latin. He was a classmate of Don Francisco.
The Uncles of Rizal
 Uncle Jose Alberto – gave wise
direction in the studies of Jose
 Uncle Gregorio – instilled into the
mind of Jose the love for
education

Jose Alberto
The Uncles of Rizal

“Work hard and perform every task very carefully; learn to

be swift as well as thorough; be independent in
thinking; and make visual pictures of everything.”
– Uncle Gregorio
The Uncles of Rizal

 Uncle Manuel Alberto – seeing Jose was frail in nature,

concerned himself with the physical development of his
nephew
 He also taught Jose the love for open air and admiration
for the beauty of nature
Jose Goes to Biñan

 Don Leon died five months later and Jose was sent to a
private school in Biñan.
 June 1869 – Jose goes to Biñan with Paciano
 Carromata – the mode of transportation
 Aunt’s house – where Jose lodged
First Day in School

 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – formal teacher

 Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as tall, thin, long-
necked, sharp-nosed, with a body slightly bent forward
 The school was in Maestro Justiniano’s house
First School Brawl

 Pedro (the teacher’s son) – wrestling

 Andres Salandanan – arm wrestling
Painting Lessons in Biñan

 Old Juancho – freely gave Jose painting lessons

 Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra became
apprentices of Old Juancho
Daily Life in Biñan

Jose’s daily routine:

 Hears mass at 4 a.m. or studies lesson before going to
mass
 Goes to orchard to look for mabolo to eat
 Breakfast
 Goes to class at 10 a.m.
 Lunch break
Daily Life in Biñan

 Goes back to school at 2 p.m.

 Goes home at 5 p.m.
 Prays with cousins
 Studies lessons, then draws a little
 Has supper
 Prays again
Daily Life in Biñan

 Plays in the street if moon is bright

 Sleeps
Best Student in School

 Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Latin and

other subjects
 His older classmates were jealous and squealed to the
teacher whenever he had fights
 Jose usually received five or six blows while laid out on
a bench
End of Biñan Schooling

 December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan

 Talim – the steamer that Jose rode
 Arturo Camps – a Frenchman and a friend of Don
Francisco, he took care of Jose during the trip
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

 January 20, 1872 – Cavite mutiny

 February 17, 1872 – Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were implicated and
executed
 The GOMBURZA were leaders of the secularization
movement
The GOMBURZA
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

 The martyrdom of the three priests inspired Rizal to

fight the evils of Spanish tyranny
 In 1891, Rizal dedicated his second novel El
Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 In 1872, Doña Teodora was arrested on a malicious

charge that she aided his brother Jose Alberto in trying
to poison his wife
 Jose Alberto planned to divorce his wife because of her
infidelity
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 Jose Alberto’s wife connived with the Spanish

lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed a case against
Rizal’s mother
 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – gobernadorcillo of
Calamba, helped the lieutenant arrest Doña Teodora
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 50 kilometers – Doña Teodora was made to walk from

Calamba to the provincial prison in Santa Cruz
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 Don Francisco de Marcaida & Don Manuel Mazano – most

famous lawyers of Manila, defended Doña Teodora in
court
 After 2 ½ years – the Royal Audiencia acquitted Doña
Teodora
Reported by: Venzon Zianna Zhane C.