CHRISTIANITY

Prepare by:
STEPHANIE GALLENERO
 CHRISTIANITY
• Christianity is considered the
most popular religion in the
world with the most number
of adherents among all
religions. Starting around the
1st century C.E., it developed
out of Judaism during the
reign of the Roman Empire in
West Asia.
CHRISTIANITY
•It centers on the life, teachings,
death, and resurrection of Jesus
Christ, who is considered the
Messiah or Savior of humanity.
 CHRISTIANITY
• The most common symbol for
Christianity is the cross for
Christians believe that Jesus
died on the cross to save
humanity from their sins and to
restore people’s relationship
with God the Father.
CHRISTIANITY
• Christianity is a religion that is very familiar
to Filipinos because the Philippines has
become predominantly Catholic since the
Spaniards occupied the country from the 16th
to the 19th centuries, with the spread of
Catholicism as one of their enduring legacies
to the Filipino people
 CHRISTIANITY
• The cross serves as a symbol of Jesus Christ’s
victory over sins when He died on the cross for
humanity’s redemption and salvation. Christ
died on the cross and the cross serves as a
reminder of the sacrifices made by God in
order for humanity to live.
CHRISTIANITY
• Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
• It was in this backdrop that Jesus, founder of Christianity,
lived and preached teachings that served as criticisms of
Judaism, although he himself was a Jew.
His ministry began when he was in his early thirties.
Preaching and healing in the villages, he started to preach
teachings which were considered revolutionary at that time.
CHRISTIANITY
• Jesus preached that he was sent by God to fulfill this
goal by dying on the cross, then resurrecting to life
after three days to prove that God’s plan had
succeeded.
SACRED SCRIPTURES
• The Bible is considered the sacred
scripture of Christianity. It is a collection
of songs, stories, poetry, letters, history,
as well as literature. It is composed of
two books, the Old Testament and the
New Testament.
SACRED SCRIPTURES
• The Old Testament, also called the Hebrew
Bible, composed of 39 books which are
arranged in three parts:
• “Genesis to Deuteronomy”
• “The Prophets”
• “The Writings”
 SACRED SCRIPTURES
• GENESIS DEUTERONOMY

• The first five books are considered “The Law” or

Torah which may refer to guidance or
instruction.
• Later these books were called the Pentateauch
which were attributed to Moses.
 SACRED SCRIPTURES
• “The Prophets”
• The second part of the Old Testament is called “The
Prophets” which is divided into two parts, the earlier
prophets and the latter prophets.
• Earlier Prophets- the book of earlier prophets is
considered historical
• Latter Prophets- the book of latter prophets contain
sayings and stories of the prophets.
 SACRED SCRIPTURES
• “The Writings,”

• Includes Psalms (songs, prayers, and worship liturgies)

• Proverbs (wise sayings)
• Job (a drama that explores the nature of suffering),
• And the Five scrolls (Megiloth) which were grouped
together for their associations with a particular
religious festival.
 SACRED SCRIPTURES
• The New Testament

• Is composed of 27 books written around 50 to 100 C.E. and

composed of two sections: The Gospel and The Letter
• The Gospels which tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark,
Luke, and John)
• The Letters (or Epistles), written by various Christian leaders
to serve as guide to the early Christian communities.
DOCTRINES
• Christianity has certain beliefs and doctrines that serve as
moral guidelines for its followers.
• As much as possible, Christians should follow these
teachings strictly if they want to redeem God’s promise of
eternal life.
• These teachings are essential to their belief system as
Christians and not following them would lessen their
chances of being called true Christians and reduces their
chances of salvation in the afterlife.
 DOCTRINES TRINITY
• Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, which means that God is
composed of three persons: God the Father, the Son (Jesus
Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
• This doctrine of the Holy Trinity was affirmed at the Council
of Nicea in 25 C.E. where it was agreed upon that the Son has
the same substance with the Father, therefore they are both
eternal.
• The doctrine of the Holy Trinity was Christianity’s way to end
the controversy generated by Arianism, a teaching by Arius
which claimed that Jesus Christ was not actually a God.
 DOCTRINES
• VIRGIN BIRTH
• Virgin Birth concerns Jesus' identity as
God the Son, the Second Person of the
Trinity. If Joseph were His true father,
then Jesus would be only a human being.
He would not be the Son of God as
Scripture clearly states. He would have
had His beginning in time rather than
eternally existing.
 DOCTRINES
• DIETY OF CHRIST
• Christians believe in one God, therefore
Christianity is a monotheistic religion. God is
seen as the creator and maintainer of the
universe, and is believed to be omnipotent (all-
powerful), omniscient (all-knowing),
omnipresent (all-present), and omnibenevolent
(all-good). God is also sacred, moral,
unchangeable, compassionate, graceful, and
timeless.
 DOCTRINES
• RESURRECTION
• The resurrection of
Jesus, or anastasis is
the Christian belief
that God raised Jesus after
his crucifixion as first of
the dead, starting his
exalted life as Christ and
Lord.
 DOCTRINES
• LAST JUDGEMENT
.
• It is a depiction of the Second Coming of
Christ and the final and eternal
judgement by God of all humanity. The souls
of humans rise and descend to their fates, as
judged by Christ who is surrounded by
prominent saints. Altogether there are over
300 figures, with nearly all the males and
angels originally shown as nudes; many were
later partly covered up by painted draperies,
of which some remain after recent cleaning
and restoration.
 GOD
• In monotheistic thought, God is
conceived of as the supreme
being, creator deity, and principal
object of faith. God is
usually conceived as
being omniscient (all-
knowing), omnipotent (all-
powerful), omnipresent (all-
present) and as having an eternal
and necessary existence.
 GOD:TRINITY
• God is a trinity of persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
• The Father is not the same person as the Son;
• The Son is not the same person as the Holy Spirit;
• And the Holy Spirit is not the same person as Father.
• They are not three gods and not three beings. They are three distinct
persons; yet, they are all the one God. Each has a will, can speak, can
love, etc., and these are demonstrations of personhood. They are in
absolute perfect harmony consisting of one substance. They are
coeternal, coequal, and copowerful. If any one of the three were
removed, there would be no God.
 SECTS
• Protestantism,
Catholicism and Eastern
Orthodox are the three
major divisions with
Christianity.
 SECTS
• Protestantism is the second-
largest form of Christianity with a
total of 800 million to a billion
adherents worldwide or about 40%
of all Christians. It originated with
the 16th century Reformation, a
movement against what its
followers perceived to be errors in
the Roman Catholic Church.
 SECTS
• Protestantism began in Germany in 1517 when Martin
Luther published his Ninety-five Theses as a reaction
against abuses in the sale of indulgences by the Roman
Catholic Church, which purported to offer the remission of
the temporal punishment of sins to their purchasers.
• The term derives from the letter of protestation from
German Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict of
the Diet of Speyer condemning the teachings of Martin
Luther as heretical.
 SECTS
• Catholicism is
the traditions and beliefs of Catholic
Churches. It refers to
their theology, liturgy, morals and
Spirituality
• The term usually refers to churches,
both western and eastern, that are
in full communion with the Holy See.
SECTS
• In 2012, there were more than 1.1 billion
Catholics worldwide. This makes up more
than 17% of the world population.[1]
• The word "Catholicism" comes from
the Greek word catholikismos . This means
"according to the whole".
 SECTS
• Eastern Orthodox Church, officially
the Orthodox Catholic Church, is
the second-largest Christian church,
with approximately 260 million
baptised members. It operates as
a communion of autocephalous churc
hes, each governed by its bishops in
local synods. Roughly half of Eastern
Orthodox Christians live in Russia.
SECTS
• The church has no central doctrinal or governmental
authority analogous to the Bishop of Rome, but
the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is
recognised by all as primus inter pares ("first among
equals") of the bishops. As one of the oldest surviving
religious institutions in the world, the Eastern
Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the
history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern
Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East.
ISSUES
• Ecumenism refers to the
effort of the Catholic
Church to sponsor
activities and initiatives
to promote mutual
understanding and unity
among all Christians.
ISSUES
• Ecumenism can also be described as the promotion of
worldwide Christian unity (Brodd 2003). It is based on
Vatican II’s Decree on Ecumenism which states that:
“The restoration of unity among all
Christians is one of the principal concerns of the
Second Vatican Council. Christ the Lord founded one
Church and one Church only.
ISSUES
Ecumenism is based on three principles, which states
that:
• 1) Christ established the Church on the Apostles and
their successors.
• 2) since the first century there have been divisions in
Christianity.
• 3) Catholics are to do everything possible to foster
the ecumenical movement.
 ISSUES
• Sexuality the issue of
sexuality has always
been controversial for
the Catholic Church.
ISSUES
• Christianity advocates that the goal of sexual union
between men and women is procreation, thus
anything that might hinder this is considered immoral.
• Christianity advocates natural family planning
methods such as the rhythm method, wherein couples
will engage in sexual acts only during days when the
woman is not fertile and cannot conceive a baby.
 ISSUES
• Homosexuality it refers to
attraction to members of
the same sex, Males who
are attracted to males are
called gays, while females
attracted to females are
called lesbians.
ISSUES
• It also states that when God created humans,
he created male and female only, and that
their union is meant for procreation. Thus, in
the Christian line of thinking, homosexuality
should not be practiced since it is not in
accordance with God’s plan.
ISSUES
• The Church does not allow same-sex marriage and
is vocal in opposing homosexual relationships.

• While the Church condemns homosexual acts

(sexual activity), being homosexual (orientation) is
not wrong or sinful in itself. It also states that
homosexual persons must be accepted with
respect, compassion, and sensitivity.