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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

IN ADMINISTRATION
AND HUMAN RELATION
(EDA 6002)
Content
 Introduction
 Definition of Islamic Administration
 Roots/sources of Islamic Administration
• Sources from the Quran
• Sources from the Sunnah
 The Implementation of Islamic Administration
 Conclusion
 References
Introduction
The Islamic roots of administration generally exist in
the primary and secondary sources of the syariah in
addition to the practices of the early muslim.
Here we will attempt to answer questions related to
the Islamic standards of administration, where one can
find such standards, and what are the peculiarities of
administration that can be followed to Islam.
Primary Al-Qur’an
Sunnah
Sources Ijma’

Qiyas
The opinion of the companion
Secondary Istihsan
Sources Istislah
‘Urf
Preventive Legislation
The meaning of Administration

 The process of getting things done through the efforts of


other people (Mondy and premeaux ,1993)
 Working with people to determine, interpret and achieve
organizational objectives by performing the functions of
planning, staffing, leading and controling (Megginson and
associates, 1983)
 The Organization of group and individual activities toward a
common goal that the function and reality of administration
(Gladden, 1952)
Definition Of Islamic Administration

The view of an idea or concept of


administration looked at from the Islamic
worldview, which is based on the Holy
Quran and the Sunnah (tradition) of the
Prophet SAW.
The General Philosophy of
Islamic Administration
It is the Concept of

Probity Piety Justice Equality Equity

Administration from an Islamic perspective is a


most heavy task and challenging function that
places great responsibility on its chief executive.
Three features of Islamic Administration

First, and most importantly, the Islamic easily


assimilated foreign institution with its own
nations of government administration.

A Second feature of Islamic administration was


the religious and moral spirit which dominated
the entire field of government and
administration under the prophet and the four
pious Caliphs.
Cont…
The third feature, which in some ways is
related to the first, is that Islamic legal
ijtihad did not deny any human
experience, whether previous or yet to
come, that would benefit the goals of
syariah and the interests of the people
provided that it did not contradict the
principles of syariah.
Sources/roots of Islamic Administration

Sources from the Quran


Though the Quran does not mention the word
“administration” specifically, it uses the Arabic
word yudabbiru, which means to direct, conduct,
manage, run, engineer, steer, marshal, regulate,
be in change, manage well, economize, devise a
plan, conduct the course of business
Some of the most important principles of islamic
administrative systems are found in the Quran and
sunnah (The word ”yudabbiru“ appears in the Holy
Qur’an in four verses)
 Surah Yunus (X) : 3
Lo! your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the
earth in six Days, then He established Himself upon the
Throne (of authority), directing all things. There is no
intercessor (with Him) save after His permission. That
is Allah, your Lord, so worship Him. Oh, will ye not
remind?
Surah Yunus (X) : 31
Say (O Muhammad SAW): "Who provides for you
from the sky and the earth? Or who owns hearing
and sight? And who brings out the living from the
dead and brings out the dead from the living? And
who manages the affairs?" They will say: "Allâh."
Say: "Will you not then be afraid of Allâh's
Punishment (for setting up rivals in worship with
Allâh)?"
Surah Al Ra’ad (XIII) : 2
Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any
pillars that you can see; then He established
Himself on the Throne (of authority); He has
subjected the sun and the moon (to His law)!
Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed.
He regulates all affairs explaining the Signs in
detail, that you may believe with certainty in the
meeting with your Lord
Surah As-Sajda (XXXII) : 5

He manages and regulates (every) matter from


the sky to the earth, then it (every matter) will
ascend to Him in a day the measure of which is
one thousand years according to the way you
count.
Some of the most important principles of Islamic
political and administrative are found in the Quran.
Here the list of these general principles of Islamic
administration:

 The administration of justice:


(surah An-nisa’ 4:58,135) (surah Al-maidah
5:8,42) (surah Al-An’am 6:153) (surah Al-A’raf
7:29) (surah An-nahl 16:90) (surah Al-noor 24:2)
(surah Al-hadid 57:25)
 Principle of State, Government Administration
:General
(Surah An-nisa’ 4:58,59) (Surah Al-maidah 5:2)
(Surah Al-a’raf 7:69,74,128,129) (Surah Al-anbiya’
21:105) (Surah Al-hajj 22:40,41) (Surah Al-Noor
24:55) (Surah Al-fatir 35:39) (Surah Sad 38:26)
(Surah Ash-Syura 42:38) (Surah Al-hujurat 49:13)
(Surah Al-hadid 57:25)

 The principle of Consultation (syura)


(Surah Ali imran 3:159) (Surah Ash-syura 42:38)
Sources from the Sunnah
The most important characteristic of the
administration of the prophet was the simplicity and
ease with which administrative affairs were
conducted.
There were no offices or officials who served as
career government or paid employees. The state of
the society then did not require them. Instead, the
mosque was the centre of all relegious, social, and
political activities.
The responsibilities of the administrator
The prophet SAW said:
Behold, each one of you is guardian, and
each one of you will be asked about his subjects. A
leader is a guardian over the people and he will be
asked about his subjects; a man is a guardian over
the members of his household and he will be
asked about his subjects; a women is a guardian
over the members of the household of her
husband and of his children, and she will be asked
about them.
Administration according to the syariah
Administration according to the syariah, must
operate through consultation and be based on
what may be called a ‘democratic’ basis. As
stated previously, the Quran describes the
Muslims as those who carry their governmental
and administrative affairs by counsel among
themselves.
Cont…

A public or people’s spirit which makes the


individual an independent working
administrator who perform his public duty
without any type of pressure or
enforcement.
The concepts and ethical values to guide the
conduct of a Muslim ruler and Administrator
according to the Muslim Scholar Fazlul Karim
(1963:580-1)
 He shall views this world as a temporary resting
place for preparation for the everlasting and eternal
next world. He shall continuously strive to obtain, in
his lifetime, as much be based upon justice, social
equity and efficiency.
He shall place himself as a mere servant of the
people and a supervisor for his subjects, those below
him in command as well as the public in general.
The rules of administrator based on
Islamic style of administration
 He shall love for his subjects (society) what he loves
for himself and his immediate family and relatives.
 He shall keep his door always open for hearing
grievances/ complaint and for redressing of wrong.
 He shall use, as a keynote of his administrative
policies, justice coupled with mercy.
 He shall observe the religious duties and rites/ worship
of others.
 He shall wisely choose pious, truthful, and sincere men
as his ministers and aids and advisors
Abul A’la Maududi (1969), a contemporary Muslim
scholar from Pakistan, explains in detail that syariah is
not only the fundamentals of constitutional law but also
the basic principles and major elements of Islamic
administrative law. In addition, there are precedents
(good example) in administrative practices established
by prophet and his companions. The syariah, for
example, lays down the general rules of conduct, in
broad term, for the police, the justice, and the
administrative bodies.
The objectives of Educational
Administration in Islam

 To direct and evaluate educational programmes and


work for their improvement and development.
 To create a suitable environment for successful
education, in which the teaching and administrative
staff feel strongly that they belong to the institution,
and are motivated to work to achieve its goals and
strive for high moral standard.
 To involve the teaching and administrative
staff, students, parents, and the local
community in the decision making process on
matters that affect them.
 To build bridges between the school, the
students, families and the local community.
 To select teachers wisely based on their
academic qualifications, knowledge, moral
conduct, akhlaq, experience and sincerity.
Al-Qur’an
Sunnah

Characteristic
of educational Complete
Administration Comprehensive

In Islam

Flexibility
Ability
The characteristics of Educational administration in Islam

1. Administration in Islam originates its basic principles


from the two primary sources of Islam, the Holy
Qur’an and Sunnah.
2. Administration in Islam is characterized by its
complete and comprehensive views towards
individuals and the educational institution.
3. Administration in Islam is characterized by its flexibility
and ability to adapt according to local circumstances
(condition).
The main principles
of Islamic way of administration
1. The mainly feature of the Islamic administration is
that its subjects should have implicit faith in Allah,
and it should be clearly understood that
Government has no absolute power over them,
nor are they its slaves.
2. The main objective of the Islamic administration
is to establish and promote the virtues approved
by Allah as well as prevent the vices (evil)
disliked by Him.
An islamic administrative model
First, the Islamist has to understand the
theory and practice of the process of
Islamization because of its extreme value in
the field of administration.

Second, the Islamist has to obtain the Islamic


principles of government and administration
by going back, in spirit, to the history and life
of the Prophet and the Four Pious Caliph but
not necessarily copy the structural systems of
their government and administration.
Third, and related to the earlier
point, the Islamist is called upon to
provide a positive and detailed
method for implementing the
principles of administration.
Conclusion
Finally, the Islamist is expected to develop a
new, Islamic model which may draw from the
Islamic sources of administrative roots.
However, these roots must be synthesized
with modern thought in a systematic way,
using modern techniques and tools and
modern technology, and seeking the help
and advice, when needed, of modern
theorists, practitioners, and experts.
The Qur’an, Sunnah and Syariah give a
comprehensive code of laws: social,
moral, political, administrative, economic,
criminal, civil, religious and ethical. All
these codes, however constitute a single
unit which is the syariah.

Al-Quran, Sunnah, Syariah


References
Al-Buraey, M. A (1990) management and
administration in islam. Dhaharan:king fahd
university of petroleum and minerals.

Ali Mohammad Jubran. (2003) educational


administration an islamic perspective. Kuala
lumpur: A.S Noordeen.

Al-Quran Al-Kareem

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