ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

INDUSTRIAL BUILDING

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(CIVIL)

SUBMITTED BY: UNDER GUIDANCE:

MANISH KUMAR (1614074/1606493) Dr. INDERPREET KAUR

MANKIRAT SINGH(1614076/1606496)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA
MAY, 2019
 GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA

CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the minor project report entitled
“ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING ” by “MANISH KUMAR
(1614074/1606493),MANKIRAT SINGH(1614076/1606496)” in partial fulfillment of
requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech. (CIVIL) submitted in the Department of civil
Engineering at GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA under
PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
KAPURTHALA is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from 6-01-
2019 to 24-05-2019under the guidance Dr INDERPREET KAUR. The matter presented in
this
project report has not been submitted by me in any other University / Institute for the award of any
Degree or Diploma.

Signature of the Student

MANISH KUMAR (1614074/1606493)

MANKIRAT SINGH(1614076/1606496)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge
Signature of the Minor Project Guide

Dr. INDERPREET KAUR

Professor (CE)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is highly grateful to the Director, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College (GNDEC),
Ludhiana, for providing this opportunity to carry out the present minor project work.

The constant guidance and encouragement received from Dr. INDERPREET KAUR , Professor of
Civil Engineering, GNDEC Ludhiana has been of great help in carrying out the present work and is
acknowledged with reverential thanks.

The author express gratitude to other faculty members of Civil Engineering Department, GNDEC
and Head and Staff of Laboratories, GNDEC for their intellectual support throughout the course of
this work.

Finally, the author is indebted to all whosoever have contributed in this minor project work.

MANISH KUMAR(1614074/1606493)
MANKIRAT SINGH(1614076/1606496)
 CONTENTS

Page no.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature review
1. General
2. Design and comparison of various types of industrial building
3. Trusses
4. Comparison of design of steel roof truss using IS 875 and SP:38
5. Comparison of design with IS 800 : 2007 and Before
6. Comparison between conventional steel structures and tubular
steel structures
Chapter 3: Objectives
Chapter 4: Methodology
1. Loads to be considered in design
2. Analysis of Trusses
3. Design of Trusses
4. Crane gantry girders
5. Design for wind action
References
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Any building structure used by the industry to store raw materials or for manufacturing products
of the industry is known as an industrial building. Industrial buildings may be categorized as
Normal type industrial buildings and Special type industrial buildings. Normal types of industrial
building are shed type buildings with simple roof structures on open frames. These buildings are
used for workshop, warehouses etc. These building require large and clear areas unobstructed by
the columns. The large floor area provides sufficient flexibility and facility for later change in the
production layout without major building alterations. The industrial buildings are constructed with
adequate headroom for the use of an overhead traveling crane. Special types of industrial
buildings are steel mill buildings used for manufacture of heavy machines, production of power
etc. The function of the industrial building dictates the degree of sophistication.

Typically the bays in industrial buildings have frames spanning the width direction. Several such
frames are arranged at suitable spacing to get the required length. Depending upon the
requirement, several bays may be constructed adjoining each other. The choice of structural
configuration depends upon the span between the rows of columns, the head room or clearance
required the nature of roofing material and type of lighting. If span is less, portal frames such as
steel bents or gable frames can be used but if span is large then buildings with trusses are used.

The horizontal and vertical bracings, employed in single and multi-storey buildings, are also
trusses used primarily to resist wind and other lateral loads. These bracings minimize the
differential deflection between the different frames due to crane surge in industrial buildings. They
also provide lateral support to columns in small and tall buildings, thus increasing the buckling
strength.

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 Fig No. 1.1 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING (Draftings.com.au)

A roof truss is basically a framed structure formed by connecting various members at their
ends to form a system of triangles, arranged in pre-decided pattern and it depends upon the span, type
of loading and functional requirements. In industrial buildings, steel trusses are most commonly used.
A truss is a structural assembly of various types of interconnected member. Trusses are formed by an
interconnected structure of small members, which create a lattice arrangement. Weight of truss varies
with respect to span and slope of roof. However size and shape of the truss is very important like
strength of the individual components, and more design options are available. In industrial sector truss
is the best option for roof cover the roof. It is very cheap compare to R.C.C. structure. It is also a light
weight structure as compare to concrete structure. Trusses are particularly popular and structurally
efficient for roof with long span.

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2. Design & Comparison of Various Types Of Industrial Buildings:

Author:- Sagar D. Wankhade, Prof. P. S. Pajgade

Published in journal : International Refereed Journal of Engineering and

Science. Year: June-2014

Objectives of study: In this study, analysis results of industrial steel truss buildings are compared
with Pre-Engineering building. In this paper Industrial steel roof truss buildings dimension of 14m
x 31.50m, 20m x 50m, 28m x 70m and bay spacing of 5.25m, 6.25m and 7m respectively having
column height of 6m is compared with Pre-engineering buildings with same dimension. Design
based on IS 800-2007 (Limit state method). Analysis results are observed for column base as hinge
base.

Methodology: The truss having area of 14m x 31.5m, having purlin spacing of 1.489m, having
bay spacing of 5.25m and building height 6m. For the truss the dead load, live load and wind load
was consider as per IS 875:1987, also same configuration consider for the Pre-engineering
buildings. The Purlins have been designed as per IS 801:1975 and the design of main frame has
been used of built up I section. Design and analysis calculation by the manual and STADD-Pro.
software.

Outcome of study:

1. From design it is clear that using angle section for truss and channel section for purlins,
Steel truss for building using pipe section and PEB is found to be economical compared to
steel truss building using angle section. The percentage savings in results are, savings in
weight for PEB 59%, 37%, and 19% also saving in weight for steel truss building using
pipe section 47%, 43%, and 98% both results are respectively to dimension of 14m x
31.50m, 20m x 50m, 28m x 70m.
2. Weight of single truss using angle and pipe both is less compared to PEB but due to
Weight of channel Purlin, Weight of steel is on higher side.
 2.3 Trusses

Trusses are triangular frame works, consisting of essentially axially loaded members which are
more efficient in resisting external loads since the cross section is nearly uniformly stressed. They
are extensively used, especially to span large gaps. Trusses are used in roofs of single storey
industrial buildings, long span floors and roofs of multistory buildings, to resist gravity loads.
Trusses are also used in walls and horizontal planes of industrial buildings to resist lateral loads
and give lateral stability.

Pitched roof trusses

Fig no. 3.1 Configuration of trusses (HIBBELER BOOK)

Most common types of roof trusses are pitched roof trusses wherein the top chord is provided with
a slope in order to facilitate natural drainage of rainwater and clearance of dust/snow
accumulation. These trusses have a greater depth at the mid-span. Due to this even though the
overall bending effect is larger at mid-span, the chord member and web member stresses are
smaller closer to the mid-span and larger closer to the supports. The typical span to maximum
depth ratios of pitched roof trusses are in the range of 4 to 8, the larger ratio being economical in
longer spans. Pitched roof trusses may have different configurations. In Pratt trusses web members
are arranged in such a way that under gravity load the longer diagonal members are under tension
and the shorter vertical members experience compression. This allows for efficient design, since
the short members are under compression. However, the wind uplift may cause reversal of stresses
in these members and nullify this benefit. The converse of the Pratt is the Howe truss. This is
commonly used in light roofing so that the longer diagonals experience tension under reversal of
stresses due to wind load.

Fink trusses are used for longer spans having high pitch roof, since the web members in such truss
are sub-divided to obtain shorter members.

Fan trusses are used when the rafter members of the roof trusses have to be sub-divided into odd
number of panels. A combination of fink and fan can also be used to some advantage in some
specific situations requiring appropriate number of panels.

Mansard trusses are variation of fink trusses, which have shorter leading diagonals even in very
long span trusses, unlike the fink and fan type trusses.

The economical span lengths of the pitched roof trusses, excluding the Mansard trusses, range
from 6 m to 12 m. The Mansard trusses can be used in the span ranges of 12 m to 30 m.

Parallel chord trusses

The parallel chord trusses are used to support North Light roof trusses in industrial buildings as
well as in intermediate span bridges. Parallel chord trusses are also used as pre-fabricated floor
joists, beams and girders in multistorey buildings. Warren configuration is frequently used in the
case of Parallel chord trusses. The advantage of parallel chord trusses is that they use webs of the
same lengths and thus reduce fabrication costs for very long spans. Modified Warren is used
with additional verticals, introduced in order to reduce the unsupported length of compression
chord members. The saw tooth north light roofing systems use parallel chord lattice girders [Fig.
2.10(c)] to support the north light trusses and transfer the load to the end columns.

Fig no. 3.2 Parallel chord trusses (alliedtruss.com)

The economical span to depth ratio of the parallel chord trusses is in the range of 12 to 24. The
total span is subdivided into a number of panels such that the individual panel lengths are
appropriate (6m to 9 m) for the stringer beams, transferring the carriage way load to the nodes of
the trusses and the inclination of the web members are around 45 degrees. In the case of very
deep and very shallow trusses it may become necessary to use K and diamond patterns for web
members to achieve appropriate inclination of the web members.

Trapezoidal trusses

In case of very long span length pitched roof, trusses having trapezoidal configuration, with depth
at the ends are used. This configuration reduces the axial forces in the chord members adjacent to
the supports. The secondary bending effects in these members are also reduced. The trapezoidal
configurations having the sloping bottom chord can be economical in very long span trusses
(spans > 30 m), since they tend to reduce the web member length and the chord members tend to
have nearly constant forces over the span length. It has been found that bottom chord slope equal
to nearly half as much as the rafter slope tends to give close to optimum design.

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Fig no 3.2 trapezoidal truss (fss-china.com)

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