 Explain why the structure of water make it a good solvent.

 compare and contrast between solutions and suspension.

 compare and contrast between acids and base.
Solve Q1 in the worksheet.

Electrons
What typesareofnot
bond in
shared equally. Why?
water molecules?
 Electrons spend more time near the oxygen
atom than the hydrogen atom.

Make water molecules:

1- The bent shape of water molecules slightly + hydrogen end
2- Unequal distribution of electrons.
and slightly - oxygen end.

Polar Molecule
Molecule having two
opposite poles or ends.

This make water

Polar Molecule
 Polarity is the property of having two
opposite poles.
When the polar molecules go close to each other, week
electrostatic attraction results.

Called
Is a week interaction involving a hydrogen atom
Hydrogen bond and a Fluorine, Oxygen, or Nitrogen atom.

Is strong type of Van

der Waals forces
1- Water called Universal 2- Ice density is lower than cold water.
solvent. Explain why? Ice will float on the surface of water
Because many substance and fish will live in the water beneth.
dissolve in it.
 4- Why insects can rest on the surface of the water?
3- Water travels up in the stem of a plant Water is cohesive. Hydrogen bond make attraction
(Capillary action). How? between water molecules and create surface tension.

Water is adhesive, it forms

hydrogen bond with molecules
on other surface .
How many elements in the picture?

Observe the elements. Did they combine to gather?

Mixture
Is a combination of two or more substances which each
substance retains it’s characteristics and properties.
 Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixtures Mixtures
When a mixture has a uniform When the mixture component
composition throughout. remain distinct .

Solvent: the substance in which

Types:
Another name for it: another substance is dissolved .
Solution
Made up of: Solute: the substance that Suspension: colloid: the
is dissolved in the solvent. the particles particles do not
settle to the settle to the
Examples: 1- water and salt. bottom . bottom .
2- Saliva (water + proteins + salts)
Example: Example: Milk,
3- Air (solution of gases)
water + sand Blood, Plasma
 Because of water’s polarity:
when substances dissolve in water they release Ions.

Substances Substances
contain H contain OH

Release H+ Ion Release OH- Ion

(attract to oxygen in water) (attract to hydrogen in water)

This substances This substances

called Acids called Bases
more hydrogen ions more hydroxide ions

solution become more acidic solution become more Basics

Acids and bases are key substances in biology.

Food Beverages Stomach

Gastric juices
Are acids (highly acidic)
 Determines the strength
The amount of or of an acid base.

Solve the activity in

the worksheet

Acids Neutral Bases

The PH scale used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is

=
Your body process occur between pH 6.5 - 7.5

If you have an upset stomach,

you will take antacid . Why? Buffer
The antacid tablet is a buffer that
help neutralize the stomach acid.

Are mixtures that can react with

acids or bases to keep the pH
within a particular range.

Our blood contains buffers that

keep the pH about 7.4