ATOMIC RADII AND IONIC

RADII AND PERIODIC

TABLE BLOCKS
Created by: Alex and Kelvin
 The distance between the nucleus of an atom to the outermost
electron.
The approximate shape of a
 Since the position of electron is never known physically, it is better molecule of ethanol,
CH3CH2OH. Each atom is
to derive it as half distance between 2 nucleus of 2 bonded atom modeled by a sphere with the
element's Van der Waals radius.

 Note : atoms must be the same

ATOMIC RADII
 Going down the group in the periodic table, the atomic radii
increases as there are more shells
 Across the period (left to right), the atomic radii slightly decreases
because they have the same number of shells but different valance
electron and proton number (nuclear charge) so the attraction is
stronger making it shorter
 Exception: Because the electrons added in the transition elements
are added in the inner electron shell and at the same time, the outer
shell remains constant, the nucleus attracts the electrons inward. The
electron configuration of the transition metals explains this
phenomenon. This is why Ga is the same size as its preceding atom
and why Sb is slightly bigger than Sn.

TRENDS OF ATOMIC RADII

 The distance between the nucleus of an atom to the outermost
electron of an ion
 Note: a cation will always have a shorter radius compared to a
metal

IONIC RADII
 𝐶𝑙 = 2 − 8 − 7 𝑉𝑆 𝐶𝑙 − = 2 − 8 − 8
 Theoretically, they have the same shells, but 𝐶𝑙 − has more
electrons which form greater attraction to the nucleus so 𝐶𝑙 −
supposed to be smaller
 In fact, since they have the same number of proton, the
additional electron will have greater repulsion. Thus, the radius
tends to be longer.
The periodic table can also be further divided into two broad
sections:
 The main group elements: group 1(excluding H), group 2, and
groups 13-18
 The transition elements: group 3-11

PERIODIC TABLE BLOCKS

 Sublevel Maximum number of Number of atomic orbitals
electrons in sublevel in each sublevel

s 2 1

p 6 3

d 10 5

f 14 7

OCCUPANCY OF ELECTRONS FOR EACH

SUBLEVEL AND THE RELATED NUMBER OF
ATOMIC ORBITALS
Main group elements Group 1 (excluding H), group 2 and groups 13-18
Transition elements Groups 3-11 ( the f-block elements are sometimes
described as the inner transition elements)
S-block elements Groups 1 and 2 and He
P-block elements Groups 13-18 (excluding He)
D-block elements Groups 3-12 (including Z= 57 (La) and Z= 89 (Ac), but
excluding Z= 58 (Ce) to Z= 71 (Lu) and Z= 90 (Th) to Z=
103 (Lr), which are classified as f-block elements
F-block elements Elements from Z= 58 (Ce) to Z= 71 (Lu) and from Z= 90
(Th) to Z= 103 (Lr)
Lanthanoids Elements from Z= 57 (La) to Z= 71 (Lu)
Actinoids Elements from Z= 89 (Ac) to Z= 103 (Lr)
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