SEC MODULE

02
INFLUENCE LINE – A graphical representation of the behavior of the reaction,
shear or moment of a structure as a unit moving load will cross into it
For a single moving load, the maximum moment occurs when the load is at the
midspan and the maximum shear occurs when the load is very near the support
( usually assumed to lie over the support)

𝑷𝑳
𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = (MAXIMUM MOMENT)
𝟒
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝑷 (MAXIMUM SHEAR)
For two moving loads, the maximum shear occurs at the reaction when the
larger load is over that support. The maximum moment is given by

𝑷𝑳−𝑷𝒔 𝒅 𝟐 𝑷𝑳
𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = or check 𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝟒𝑷𝑳 𝟒
Where Ps is the smaller load, Pb is the bigger load, and P is the
total load (P = Ps + Pb)
MAXIMUM ORDINATE OF THE INFLUENCE LINE FOR SHEAR and
MOMENT OF A SPECIFIC POINT “C”

NEGATIVE SHEAR = -a/L

POSITIVE SHEAR = b/L
MOMENT = ab/L

Where L = a + b
Situation 1 - A beam is 25 m long
is roller supported 3 m from the
left end and pin in the right end. It
will be crossed by a moving load as
shown in the figure.
Given:
W1 = 110 kN
W2 = 50 kN
d = 4.8 m
1. What is the maximum ordinate of the influence line of
the reaction at B?
2. What is the maximum negative ordinate of the
influence line of the reaction at C?
3. Draw the influence line of the shear at the point
midspan of the beam.
4. Draw the influence line of the moment at the point
midspan of the beam.
5. What is the maximum negative shear at the midspan
due to the moving load.
6. What is the maximum positive shear at the midspan
due to the moving load.
7. What is the maximum negative moment at the
midspan due to the moving load.
8. What is the maximum positive moment at the
midspan due to the moving load.
Situation 2 – An 8-meter span beam is simply supported at both ends. A
tractor weighing 115 kN on its front wheel while 45 kN on the rear wheel and
a wheel base of 4 m.

1. Calculate the maximum shear in the beam

2. Calculate the maximum moment in the beam.
Situation 3 – A Pratt truss shown
is used to support a bridge and
will be crossed of a moving truck
load load of 80 kN and 25 kN
with a wheel base of 3.5 m and a
uniformly distributed load of 15
kN/m due to a marching of
soldiers.
s = 2.8 m
H=4m
1. Draw the influence line of the axial force in
member GH.
2. Draw the influence line of the axial force in
member DG.
3. Draw the influence line of the axial force in
member AC.
4. Draw the influence line of the axial force in
member AF.
5. Compute the maximum compressive force in
member DG
6. Compute the maximum tensile force in member
DG.
 Situation 4 - Refer to the figure shown.
Given:
L1 = 4 m; L2 = 2 m
w = 18 kN/m

1. What is the maximum shear in the

beam?
2. Calculate the maximum moment in the
beam.
3. Calculate the maximum negative
moment in the beam.
4. What is the location from of the point of
inflection/contraflexure from point A.
Situation 5 - A 450 mm x 450 mm x 18 m long precast concrete
pile is to be lifted from the casting bed.

1. The pile is lifted horizontally at two points. At what equal distance

(m) from the ends should the pile be held so that the resulting
bending stress is the least possible?

2. At what equal distance (m) from the ends should the pile be lifted
horizontally so that the resulting shear stress is smallest?

3. The pile is lifted horizontally at 1.8 m each end. Find the maximum
moment (kN-m) due to its weight. Unit weight of concrete is 24
kN/m3.
Situation 6 - Refer to the Figure shown.
Given:
W₁ = 200 kN/m W₂ = 300 kN/m
L₁ = 2 m; L₂ = 3 m; L₃ = 2 m
1. Calculate the total length so that the
total resulting stress q is uniform.
2. Which of the following gives the
location of the maximum shear from
the left end?
3. Which of the following gives the
location of the point of inflection
from the left end?
4. Calculate the maximum moment on
the system.
PATTERNED LOADING
FOR CONTINOUS
BEAMS
Situation 7 - Refer to the Figure
shown.
A three (3) span beam is simply
supported at A, B, C, and D.
Given : 1. Find the maximum reaction at C.
DL = 18.0 kN/m; 2. How much is the maximum shear at
LL = 11.5 kN/m; C?
Span, L = 8 m 3. Which of the following gives the
Consider pattern loading of live maximum moment at C?
load for maximum stresses.
NSCP COEFFICIENTS
FOR CONTINOUS
BEAMS AND SLABS
Situation 8 - – Given the following data of the figure shown:
Dimensions:
Beam, b x h = 320 mm x 450 mm
L1 = L2 = 6 m; L3 = 7 m; S = 2.8 m
Factored load for beam EFGH:
wu = 31.7 kN/m
1. Calculate the moment (kN-m) at end G of the
beam FG.
2. Calculate the span moment (kN-m) of beam EF.
3. Calculate the shear (kN) at end G of beam GH.
4. Which of the following gives the value of Ln (m)
to be used for the design of slab panel F-G-K-J?
5. What is the positive moment, +Mu (kN-m), at the
interior slab panel bounded by B-C-G-F? wU = 21
kN/m per one meter of the slab.
6. What is the shear (kN) of the slab B-C-G-K in the
beam BC?
7. What is the moment (kN-m) of the slab F-G-K-J
in the beam GF?
8. What is the moment (kN-m) of the slab B-C-G-K
in the beam GF?