BASEMENT DESIGN

(WITH RESPECT TO FIRE)

SAKSHI KHANDELWAL
A1904015134
DESIGN PARAMETERS
 The access to the basement shall be either from the main or
alternate staircase providing access and exit from higher floors.
 Where the staircase is in continuation with the upper floors, it
should be enclosed, serving as a fire separation from the basement
floor and higher floors.
• The staircase of basement should be of
enclosed type having fire resistance of not
less than two hours.
• In case of basement being used as car
parking only, the travel distance between
the stairs should not exceed 45 m.
 The basement should have
compartmetation of spaces, and
each compartment should not be of
more than 500 sq m and less than 50
sq m. area (except parking.)
Compartmentation through
Fire curtains

• If the basement storeys are

Through partition wall
and fire doors
more than 10m below the
ground level, then fire
fighting shafts should be
provided.
 The first basement (immediately below ground level) can be used for
services/parking/other permissible services. Lower basement, if provided, shall
exclusively be used for car parking only.
 Basements should be properly ventilated. area.
 The windows or the vents should be spread evenly round the perimeter of the
basement. Or a system of air inlets shall be provided at basement floor level and
smoke outlets at basement ceiling level.
 Each basement shall be separately ventilated. A system of air inlets shall be
provided at basement floor and smoke outlets at basement ceiling level.
 In car parks jet fans are used to
replace the ductwork and to drive
the fumes or smoke towards the
extract fans to keep pollution
within
acceptable levels and to clear
smoke.
Each jet, or induction fan has a
characteristic thrust which
designers use to position fans in a
car park to ensure relatively even
distribution of air.
 Smoke outlet ducts
• In multi-storeyed basements, each basement and basement compartment
should have separate smoke outlet ducts.
• Mechanical extractors for smoke venting system from lower basement levels
shall also be provided.
 Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in basements used as car
parks and if area exceeds 200sqm any room or other compartment
of building exceeding 1125 sqm in area on all floors of building if
height of building exceeds 15m.
 Heat sensitive detectors/sprinklers should be installed.
 Kitchens working on gas fuel shall not be permitted in
basement/subbasement.
 If cutouts are provided from basement to the upper floors or to
the outside, all side cutout openings in the basements shall be
protected by sprinkler heads at closed spacing so as to form a
water curtain in the event of a fire.
 Sprinkles should be placed at 3m of distance.