Inductance and

Capacitance
Measurements
Hay Inductance
Bridge
 Hay Inductance Bridge
• The basic circuit is shown in figure.
• It is similar to Maxwell bridge, except that:
– C3 and R3 are connected in series instead of
parallel.
– The unknown inductance is represented as a
parallel LR circuit instead of series circuit.
• The balance equations are found to be
exactly same as those for the Maxwell
bridge.
Hay Inductance Bridge
 Hay Inductance Bridge
• At balance,
 Hay Inductance Bridge
Equating the real part:

Equating the imaginary part:

giving
Example 8.8
Example 8.8
Example 8.9
Example 8.9
Example 8.9
 Multifunction
Impedance Bridge
 Multifunction Impedance
Bridge
• All the capacitance and inductance
bridges can be constructed using a
standard capacitor and three adjustable
standard resistors except one.
• The single exemption is the inductance
comparison bridge.
• Figure shows the five combinations of
bridges.
Multifunction Impedance
Bridge
Multifunction Impedance
Bridge
 Multifunction Impedance
Bridge
• All five circuits are normally provided in
commercial impedance bridges.
• Such instruments contain four basic
components and appropriate switches to
set one of the five configurations.
• A null detector and internal ac and dc
supplies are usually included.
Measuring small
C,R and L
Quantities
Measuring small Quantities
• When measuring very small quantities of
L, R or C, the stray capacitance,
inductance and resistance of connecting
leads can introduce considerable errors.
• This can be minimize by connecting
unknown component directly to bridge
terminal.
• But there are still small internal L,R or C
quantities in all instruments.
Measuring small Quantities
• These are termed residuals, and
manufactures normally lists the residuals
on the specifications.
• The errors introduced by strays and
residuals can be eliminated by a
substitution technique.
• In case of capacitance measurement, the
bridge first balanced with a larger
capacitor connected in place of small.
Measuring small Quantities
• The small capacitor is then connected in
parallel with the large capacitor, and the
bridge is readjusted for balance.
• The first is the large capacitance plus the
residual capacitance.
• So the measured capacitance is + .
• When the small capacitor is connected,
++
Measuring small Quantities
• is found by subtracting the first
measurement from the second.
• A similar approach is used for low value
inductance and resistance.
• Except that in this case low value
component must be connected in series
with larger L or R quantity.
• This technique can also be applied to
other measurement methods.
Measuring small Quantities