A Seminar Presentation

On

VOLTAGE STABILITY ASSESSMENT

1 THROUGH
POWER SYSTEM NETWORK MODELLING

submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements

for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

by
Y.RUCHITHA
17125A0254
III YEAR, II SEM
under the guidance of
Dr.N.M.G.KUMAR, Ph.D
Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous)
SreeSainath Nagar, Tirupati – 517 102.
seminar 2018-2019. 2/4/2019
 CONTENTS
2
 Objective
 Introduction
 Factors affecting voltage instability problem
 Voltage collapse
 Voltage stability assessment through network modeling
 The impedance of lines and transformers
 PV curves in different cases
 Voltage response of buses
 Conclusion
 References

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OBJECTIVE

 To understand the basic knowledge on voltage instability that occur in simple

power system network.
 To analyze various reasons can lead to the occurrence of voltage instability
with the help of time domain simulations on a simple network.
 In study the various cases studies that appear for voltage instability and can
be assessed by separate static modelling of transmission or distributed
network.

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 INTRODUCTION
4

 In normal operating conditions the voltage of a power systems is stable,

but when the fault or disturbance occurs in the system, the voltage
becomes unstable this results in voltage instability.
 Voltage instability may cause of several blackout.
 Voltage instability occurs when there is no possibility of transfer of
requested powers to the loads having constant-power characteristic.
 Tap changing transformer is one of the devices making constant-power
characteristic.

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 FACTORS AFFECTING THE VOLTAGE
5 INSTABILITY PROBLEM

 Insufficient reactive power resources

 Load restoring devices in response to load bus voltages
 Unexpected or unwanted relay operation following a voltage drop in
magnitude
 Increased consumption in heavy load centers
 Line or generator outages

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 VOLTAGE COLLAPSE
6

Voltage collapse is the process by which voltage instability leads to loss of

voltage in significant part of system.
Voltage collapse typically occurs in power system which are usually heavily
loaded, faulted and/or have reactive power shortages.
Voltage collapse is system instability and it involves large disturbances
(including rapid increase in load or power transfer).
Voltage collapse is strongly influence by the following significant factors as:
1. Large distances between generation and load
2. Unfavorable load characteristics
3. Poor coordination between various control and protective system

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 VOLTAGE STABILTY ASSESSMENT THROUGH
7 NETWORK MODELING

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The simple system shown in Fig. 1 is used for study the voltage stability problem.
The load is assumed to be constant-impedance type varied by loading factor λ.

 Assuming that the voltage magnitude at bus 1 is constant, the loadability limit at bus 3
varies only with transmission line and transmission transformer impedances.

On the other hand, the loadability limit at bus 5 depends on the voltage magnitude at
bus 3 in addition to distribution line and distribution transformer impedances.

The simulations using software have been done in different cases with change in
transmission and distribution impedances and tap changer limits.

In all cases, the loading factor is increased until voltage collapse is observed.
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 THE IMPEDANCE OF LINES AND
9 TRANSFORMERS

Table 1: The per unit impedance of lines and transformers

Case Number Transmission Distribution Line Transmission Distribution
Line Transformer Transformer
1 0.005+j0.025 0.01+j0.02 j0.03 j0.04

2 0.004+j0.02 0.03+j0.07 j0.0358 j0.08

3 0.003+j0.02 0.02+j0.05 j0.03 j0.08

4 0.003+j0.02 0.021+j0.05 j0.03 j0.08

5 0.005+j0.025 0.01+j0.02 j0.03 j0.04

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CASE 1: Due to low impedance of the distribution network.

CASE 2: In spite of the voltage control of bus 3.
CASE 3 and 4: Due to existing from the attraction region of the steady state
power at bus 5.
CASE 5: Comparison voltage response when the permissible range for
tap value is changed from limited range to an extended ranges

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 PV CURVES IN DIFFERENT CASES
11

Fig.3. PV curves in different cases

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Fig.2. Load characteristics and PV curves

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13 VOLTAGE RESPONSE OF BUSES

Fig.4. Voltage response of buses 3 and 5 in case 1 Fig.5. Voltage response of buses 3 and 5 in case 2

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 VOLTAGE RESPONSE OF BUSES
14

Fig.6.Voltage response of buses 3 and 5 in case 3 Fig.7.Voltage response of buses 3 and 5 in case 4
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Fig.8.Voltage response of buses 3 and 5 in case 5

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CONCLUSION

 As long as fast operation of tap changers in transmission transformers

provides a timely control for the voltage of transmission buses, distribution
and transmission network have independent loadability limits.
 We focused on tap changing transformers and capacitor switching, but
there may be some other elements such as distributed generation (DG)
units in distribution networks that can affect voltage stability and more
works are needed to determine their suitable models in voltage stability
studies.

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17 REFERENCES

 Seyed Mostafa Abbasi, Farid Karbalaei, Ali Badri , “ The Effect of Suitable
Network Modeling in Voltage Stability Assessment”, IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems,VOL.34,NO 2, pp.1650-1652,MARCH 2019.
 C. L. Wadhwa, “Electrical power systems”, 6th Edition, New Age International
Publishers, 2010.
 Hadi Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, 2nd Edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2002.

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