EARTHQUAKE-

INDUCED
LANDSLIDE
Why Landslides Occur?
A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by a
number of factors acting together or alone. These factors
include:

1. Removal of support
2. Groundwater (pore water) pressure
3. Volcanic eruptions
4. Intense rainfall
5. Snowmelt
6. Human interventions
7. Earthquake
 Removal of support

At the base of a slope may be due to

erosion at the toe of a slope by
rivers or ocean waves. That is why
landslides may occur even on a hot
summer day.
Groundwater (pore water) pressure

During sudden changes in the

water level of bodies of water
adjacent to a slope also acts to
destabilize it.
 Volcanic eruptions

Bulging of slopes and the

force of volcanic material
ejection or emission may also
contribute to slope instability.
 Intense rainfall

Landslides are triggered

due to the weakening of
the slope material by
water saturation.
 Snowmelt

Also known to have the

same effect as in saturating
slope material.
 Human interventions

Man contributes to the instability of

slopes through construction
activities ( roads, buildings, and
other facilities), quarrying/mining,
and unabated logging and kaingin
which lead to the loss of deeply
rooting trees and soil cohesiveness.
 Earthquakes

Slopes are prone to widespread failure during

earthquakes because of the sudden shaking of hilly
and mountainous areas. What a prolonged period
of rainfall cannot to do slopes is accomplished by a
strong earthquake that may last only less than one
minute. This is demonstrated, for instance, by the
occurrence of landslides in many parts of the
mountainous region of northern Luzon during the
1990 Luzon earthquake.
 Types of Landslides

Landslides detach, transport, and deposit earth

materials such as solid or loose rocks and soil.

The types of landslide based on movement are:

•Topple
•Fall
•Slide(rotational and translational)
•Spread
•Flow
•Complex slides
Topples

Occur suddenly when a massive part of very steep slopes break loose and
rotate forward.
Rock falls

Involves chunks of detached rock that fall

freely for some distance or bounce and roll
down the steep slope.
Slides

Involve large blocks of bedrock that break free and slide down
along a planar or curved surface.
Lateral spreads

Are triggered by earthquakes and affect gentle slopes with less than 10
degrees inclination. Slope material loses cohesion through liquefaction
caused by shaking during earthquakes.
Flows

Involve downslope motion of fine grained clay, silt, and fine sand
made mobile by water saturation. These flows include mudflows
and earthflows and are common during the rainy season.
 Complex slides

Are combinations of two or more types of movement.

Factors Affecting Occurrence of Landslides
Intact rock strength- refers to a rock’s reaction to standard laboratory test to
determine its resistance or strength. Relatively strong rocks simply let sparks
fly with the blow of a hammer. Moderately strong rocks just let lumps break
with a light hammer blow while very weak rocks simply crumble with a hand
grip.