HYDROGEN

INTRODUCTION

• Hydrogen, chemical element that exists as a gas at

room temperature. When hydrogen gas burns in air, it
forms water. French chemist Antoine Lavoisier named
hydrogen from the Greek words for ―water former.‖
• Hydrogen has the smallest atoms of any element. A
hydrogen atom contains one proton, and only one
electron . The proton is the center, or nucleus, of the
hydrogen atom, and the electron travels around the
nucleus.
• Pure hydrogen exists as hydrogen gas, in which pairs of
hydrogen atoms bond together to make molecules
 HOW WAS HYDRGOEN FOUND

• Discovered by Henry Cavendish

• Hydrogen was discovered in London
• It was discovered in the year of 1766
• The hydrogen atom consisting the proton in the
centre or the nucleus of the hydrogen atom and the
electron travelling around the nucleus.
 POSITION IN THE PERIODIC TABLE

• Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table of the

elements and is represented by the symbol H.
• Hydrogen, with only one proton, is the simplest
element. It is usually placed in Period 1 and Group 1 of
the periodic table.
• Hydrogen can combine chemically with almost every
other element and forms more compounds than does
any other element. These compounds include water,
minerals, and hydrocarbons—compounds made of
hydrogen and carbon—such as petroleum and natural
gas.
 HYDROGEN GAS

• Hydrogen is the major component in the sun

and stars.
• Very small quantity of hydrogen is seen in the
atmosphere in free state.
• Water is a major compound of hydrogen.
• Hydrogen is present in large amounts in
biosubstances.
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN PREPARATION
 CHEMICAL REACTION

• Zn + HCl → H2 + ZnCl2
• Zinc atom takes the place of hydrogen atom in
hydrochloric acid molecule by replacing it.
• This type of reaction where an element in a
compound is displaced by another element is called
displacement reactions or substitution reactions.
 METALS REACT WITH DIL.ACIDS

• Metal + dil. acid ⇨ Metal salt + Hydrogen

• 2Na + 2HCl ⇨ 2NaCl + H2
• 2K + H2SO4 ⇨ K2SO4 + H2
• Mg + 2HCl ⇨ MgCl2 + H2
• Zn + H2SO4 ⇨ ZnSO4 + H2
• Mg + HNO3 ⇨ Mg(NO3 )2 + H2
OTHER EXAMPLES
 REACTION BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN

• Hydrogen burns in oxygen to form water

• This is an exothermic reaction
• Water is also formed when electric sparks are passed
through a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen
• + Heat

• The reaction in which two or more simple substances

(elements or compounds combined to form a compound is
called Combination reaction
 REACTION BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND
CHLORINE

• Hydrogen combines with chlorine in the presents of

sunlight to form hydrogen chloride
• H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
• The gases hydrogen and chlorine do not react with
each other even if kept together for a long time .
• The molecules of both hydrogen and chlorine gas are
diatomic.
• The sunlight provides energy to break the
bonds between atoms of hydrogen and chlorine and
then they react to form hydrogen chloride molecule
 HYDROGEN AS A FUEL

• Hydrogen is a combustible gas

• It is a good fuel
• The calorific value of a fuel is the heat energy
released from one unit mass of that fuel on complete
combustion.
• It is not used as a domestic fuel
• It is very difficult to store and transport
• It is a universal fuel
 ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN FUEL

• It’s a renewable energy source and bountiful in

supply
• It practically a clean energy source
• Hydrogen energy is non-toxic
• It’s far more efficient than other sources of energy
• Used for powering space ships
• Availability is plenty
• No environmental problems
 DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN FUEL

• Hydrogen energy is expensive

• Storage complications
• It’s not the safest source of energy
• Tricky to move around
• Hydrogen energy cannot sustain the population
• Burn with explosion
 ACTIVITY 1

Write the uses of hydrogen ?

 DISCUSSION POINT

• Atomic number of hydrogen?

• Hydrogen is what type of molecule?
• Hydrogen is a good or bad fuel?
• H2+O2-------- ?
 ACTIVITY 2

List out the hydrogen compounds?

THANKYOU