COLD WORKING PROCESSES

Introduction
•Cold working is the plastic deformation of metals below the recrystallization temperature. In most cases, cold working is done at room temperature.
•Cold working process is a strain hardening process meaning that it increases the hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength

Major Cold Working Processes Effect of Cold Working on Mechanical

Properties:

Annealing of Cold Worked Materials

The treatment to restore the ductility or electrical conductivity with a
simultaneous decrease in hardness and strength is Annealing. It is
heating cold worked metal to a temperature above recrystallization
temperature, holding there for some time and then slow cooling.
Advantages of Cold Working Processes The process of Annealing can be divided into three distinct stages
• Recovery
Advantages: • Recrystallization
• Better Surface Finish. • Grain growth
• Closer Dimensional Tolerances.
• Better Machinability Recovery:It is restoration of the physical properties of the cold
• Superior Mechanical Properties that is better hardness, yield and tensile strength. worked metal without of any observable change in microstructure
• Enhanced Directional Properties
• No Heating Is Required Recrystallization: It is nucleation and growth of new strain-free
crystals from the cold worked metal.
Disadvantages of Cold Working Processes Grain growth: It is uniform increase in the average grain size
following recrystallization.

Disadvantages:
• The Metal Becomes More Brittle And Less Workable
• Only Ductile Metals Can Be Shaped Through Cold Working.
• Annealing Is Often Required
• The Metal May Contain Residual Stresses
• Residual Stresses Causes Warping Or Distortion When Machined Or Welded
• More Massive And Powerful Equipment Is Required