Feasibility Studies on Electric Drying of Areca Nut

Submitted by:

Mr. Shnthkumar .B .Ganapur

(01FE16MES009)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. P.P.Revankar
 Contents
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Objectives of Study
 Problem statement
 Scope of the study
 Limitations of the study
 Literature Review
 The factors affecting during drying process
 Steps in areca nut solar drying process

 Electric Areca nut Drying Machine

 Comparison of solar and machine drying process.

 Advantages and disadvantages

 Results

 Conclusions

 Future scope for work

 References
 Abstract
 The process of elimination of moisture from the seed is called drying. Seed
drying should reduce the seed moisture content to safe moisture limits.

 Seed drying also permits early harvesting, long term storage of seeds, more
efficient use of land and manpower.

 The Areca nut processing industries are currently drying after boiling them by
the sun light in open yard the dryer consists of heat exchanger, air blower and
hot air duct.

 The moisture content of processed Areca nut is reduced from 40% to 11%
during drying operation for safe storage and to maintain food quality.
 Introduction
The areca-nut has been an important commercial crop in India playing important
role in social and cultural functions along with economic quality of Indian rural
community.

Areca nut has uses in veterinary Ayurveda medicines and it is estimated that
nearly 10 million people depend on the areca nut agricultural and industry for their
employment in India.

The different type value, size and variety of areca nut varies from one location to
another.

The process of cleaning begins with the removal of green husk when the areca-
nut is very soft and flexible that it can easily be slashed by a standard knife.
 The drying method involves removal of moisture by virtue of using heated
working fluid that removes moisture of dehydrates the agriculture produce.

 The area and production of areca nut has been increasing continuously in
India over the years with an estimated 4.66 lakh hectare during year of
2017-18.

 The production of areca nut has doubled from 2014 to 2015 that recorded
areca nut production is 729.97 metric tons.

 In Karnataka during 2017-18, the State horticulture department indicated

227.8 hectare under areca cultivation with production of 435.8 metric tonne
under areca nut production estimated to be highest area of areca production
in India.
 Objectives of Study

 To study drying characteristics of areca nut based on Electric drying machine

and open sun drying method to enhance drying rate and quality of dried
product.

 Investigation of the climatic parameters to develop effective methods of

drying.

 To investigate product quality of dried Areca nut and thereby identify

suitable parameters for drying the product
 Problem statement
 This solar drying process is the old-age process for protection of food, agricultural
seeds and products Using open sun drying method.

 In India many farmers prefer to use open sun drying for areca nut however this
technique suffers drawbacks owing to nut damage due to improper availability of
sunlight.
 The effect is reflected in the poor weight and quality of areca nuts due to areca nuts
infested by insects, birds, dust and dirt.

 This study deals with development of the heating mechanism using electricity
along with appropriate control over the process parameters.

 The current day scenario indicates need for such a drying device that can enhance
the drying rate and lead to better revenue to farmers
 Scope of the study
 Open sun drying involves the effect of ambient air temperature, solar radiation,
wind speed and other environmental conditions on drying time of areca nut .

 For drying needs that can be lead to substantial reduction in drying time and
there by aid towards developing the contaminant of dried areca nuts.

 The computational study give the detailed information about areca nut drying
by using solar drying process and electric drying process
 Limitations of the study

 Open sun drying has many disadvantages such as spoil the products or
seeds due to dust and dirt contaminations, wind, rain and insect infestation.

 Required more space and labor cost for handling areca nuts.

 Variation in temperature, humidity, sun light and weather conditions are

directly effects on areca nuts drying process.
 Literature Review
Review on solar energy to dry the agriculture products

 The developed solar drying aimed at maintaining the desirable taste of dried
products utilizing the solar energy incident through glass cover.

 Areca husk and cover are used as the basic source of cellulose which is subjected
to translation into glucose.

 As compared to other processes of areca nut drying solar dryer moved towards
enabling large areca seed crop capacity.

 The usage of areca nuts in India is large quantity has been reported for use with
betel leaves to function as digestion enhancer when used in small amounts
 Review on electric machine dryer

 The husking system works on basis of applying shearing force on the wet areca
nuts transforming the layer like appearance using electric power source.

 The experiments were conducted by altering blades for selection of optimum

parameters towards effective de-husking of nuts.

 The proposed study on electric drying machine for of Areca nut the de husking
was efficient compared to the other existing processing machine.

 The adoption of electric dryers under controlled temperature conditions were

reported to have dried areca at faster rate along with a superior quality of dried
areca nut.
 The factors affecting during drying process

 Initial and final moisture content

 Seed dimension and its capability

 Thickness of layer and extent of seed depth.

 The rate of air flow into the seed layer.

 Temperature of grains

 Temperature, humidity of air in contact with the grains.

 Steps in areca nut drying process using solar light
Step 1. Process of peeling
 The first step in the areca nut drying process is to removing the pealing to get
the kernel.
 Firstly we have collected areca bounces from tree and to separating the all
seeds from bunch.
 Then unprocessed or raw areca fruits have to be peeled and categorized to get
its kernel. This process has conducted immediately 2 or 3 days after areca nut
harvesting.
 Step 2.The process of boiling areca seed
 After getting the kernel take it out from areca seed it should boiled
instantaneously in the range of higher temperature for a minimum 10 to 12
hrs.
 For increasing the efficiency will take big metallic vessel in the capability
of 400 to 600 liters of water being used to boil the kernel with a proper
applied temperature.
 The kernel are collected in the vessels with adequate water closer for
areca seed to form a precipitate that decides final shape and color
obtained in the finished nut.
 Step3.Kernel drying with sun light
 Another crucial step is to sun dry the boiled kernel done for minimum of 7-
10 days. This is the last step of areca nut processing before it can be
packed.
 For every 100 kg of raw areca nut gives the final dried areca nut
approximately in the range of 13-15 kg. Upon drying areca nuts are sorted
into different grades based on color and shape .
 In this process the boiled kernel was poured in large space or ground space
with sun providing required heat energy to remove moisture.
 Areca nut drying process electric machine

 First remove the areca nut outer layer through this machine easily.
 The velocity of drying method is projected by the moisture content and
temperature of the grains.
 Generally the aeration rate is decrease by means of moisture content and
increase by means of air temperature.
 After the harvesting process of areca nut to remove its moisture and to
collect the nuts to pour in machine .
 A small amount of harvested nuts will dried through machine it can be
collected.
 The dried areca nuts have contains small amount of dust moisture and it
will clean manually and package and ready for transport.
 Comparison of areca nut solar drying and machine
drying process.

 The solar drying process takes much time to dry the areca nuts and energy
consumption is more.
 It will need continuous labour. Solar drying may affect the areca nut like it
damages areca nut humidity, and changes in atmosphere, nut will loses its
weight strength etc.
 While machine drying process it will consumes less Energy, Ecofreindly,
working on at any time, operation faster.
 In solar drying for a 100 kg of raw areca nut we will get approximately 15
kg of clean and fresh areca nuts.
 While in the machine drying process for a 100kg of raw areca nuts we get
approximately 50-60kg.
 Advantages
 To improve value of areca crop grains by reduces crop exposure to
atmosphere.
 Decreasing the harvest losses as well as head crushing and fractured kernels.
 Reduces the addiction on climate condition proposed for harvesting crop.
 Allow a useful method of instantly combining for minute grains.

Disadvantages
 Need appropriate heat insulation for the module
 The machine drawn more power.
 It is repeated cycles and small formers are not easily adoptable because cost
is more.
 Area and production of Areca nut in India

500
450
400 Area(Ha)
350 Production( MT)
Area and production

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Karnataka Assam Meghalaya Trpura Arunachal Andra Others
Pradesh Pradesh
No of states
Area and Production of Areca nut in Karnataka.

120000

100000 Area(acres) Production(ton)

80000
Area and production

60000

40000

20000

0
2010.0 2011.0 2012.0 2013.0 2014.0 2015.0 2016.0 2017.0
No of years
 Production and consumption of areca nut in India

800000
Production/Consumption (MT)

700000
600000
500000
400000
production
300000
Consumpton
200000
100000
0
2005.0 2007.0 2009.0 2011.0 2013.0 2015.0 2017.0
No of Years
 Export and Import of areca nut in India
90000
80000
70000
60000
Export/Import(MT)

50000
40000
30000
20000 Import Export
10000
0
2005.0 2007.0 2009.0 2011.0 2013.0 2015.0 2017.0
No of years
 Conclusions
 The Electric drying machine involves de-husking, drying, sorting of areca nut to
increase superiority of harvested grain by reducing crop exposure to
atmosphere.
 The comparison between electric machine drying and solar drying has indicated
that there was a 33.33% decrease in drying time, cost of drying reduced by 60%
and improved quality of the dried product.
 The advantage of using during non-sunshine hours forms the important feature
of the proposed electric dryer.
 The production and consumption of areca nut has increased year on year
yielding higher production of areca. The production of areca nut has doubled
during 2014-15 to 2016-17 with magnitude of 729.97 metric tonne during 2016-
2017.
 The rise in the areca export in state of Karnataka contributing a major part of
about 59 % of the national production
 The proposed electric drying machine is effective in the processing of areca nut
drying in small scale and design can be used for production moreover the
machine can be effectively used for all type of farmers.
 Scope for Future work

 This type of machine can be incorporated and developed for processing unit
for large weight of areca nuts.

 This unit can be converted to a fully automated machine, saving any work
from the cultivator.

 The de husked peel gets stuck to the cutter blades and hence it is necessary to
make arrangements to remove the stuck peel from the cutter

 Provision for the keeping the chains free from dust and Suitable covering for
the machine and arrangement for de husked areca nut.
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Thank you