Table of Specification (TOS)

• A teacher’s blueprint in constructing a

test for classroom use
• Arend, 2001 in Garcia, 2008

• A plan prepared by a classroom teacher

as a basis for the test construction
especially a summative or periodical test
• Asaad, 2004
 Importance of TOS
TOS must be carefully prepared
because it:

 Contributes to the development

of the quality test
 Importance of TOS
TOS must be carefully prepared
because it:

 Can determine the degree of

content as well as skill mastery
can achieve a balanced test
representing varied skills
 Importance of TOS

• Provides an assurance that the test will

measure representative samples of
instructional objectives and the
contents included in the instruction

(knowledge, skills or attitude)

• depends on the instructional
objectives and what has been stressed in
class)
 2 Ways to prepare the TOS
1. One-Way TOS
• Only the contents are
listed down on the left Commonalities of the two:
side of the table • Course Content
• No. of class
sessions/hours
2. Two-Way TOS
• Number of test items
• Contents are listed down • Placement of an item
the left side and the
instructional objectives
are listed across the top
of the table
 Only the contents are listed
One-Way TOS - down on the left side of the
table

Contents/Topic No. of % No. of Placemen

s Taught Hours Test t of Test
Items
Addition 4 25 13 1-13
Subtraction 4 25 13 13-26
Multiplication 4 25 13 27-39
Division 4 25 11 40-50
Total 16 100 50
 Contents are listed down the left
Two-Way TOS - side and the instructional objectives
are listed across the top of the table

Contents/Topics No. % No. of R U AP AN E C

Taught of Test
Hrs Items
Conversion of 5 33 17 4 3 3 3 2 2
Units
Speed and 5 33 17 5 3 3 3 2 1
Velocity
Acceleration 5 34 16 3 3 5 2 2 1

Total 15 100 50 12 9 11 8 6 4

R – Remembering U – Understanding AP – Applying AN – Analyzing

E – Evaluation C—Creating
 Contents are listed down the left
Two-Way TOS - side and the instructional objectives
are listed across the top of the table

Contents/Topics No. % No. of R R V O C

Taught of Test
Hrs Items

Total

R – Receiving V – Valuing C- Characterization

R – Responding O - Organization
 Contents are listed down the left
Two-Way TOS - side and the instructional objectives
are listed across the top of the table
Contents/Topic No. % No. of P S GR M COR A O
s Taught of Test
Hrs Items

Total

P- Perception COR – Complex Overt Response

S – Set A – Adaptation
GR – Guided Response O - Originality
M - Mechanism
 K-12 Curriculum Two-Way TOS -

Contents/Topics No. of % No. of Test K P U P

Taught Hrs Items

Conversion of
Units
Speed and Velocity

Acceleration

Total

K – Knowledge P – Process/Skills .. - DO_s2012_073.pdf

U – Understanding P – Performance/Product
 ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND SAMPLE ENHANCED QUESTIONS (Music)

LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT SAMPLE ENHANCED SCORING GUIDE

COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT TOOL QUESTIONS

Learn the
music of East Knowledge Paper and Which is the Japanese One point per
pencil traditional song? correct answer
Asia (Japan)
(Multiple A. Mo Li Hua
and how it
choice) B. Loi Loi Gratong
reflects the C. Sakura
different D. Chan Mali Chan
aspects Rubric :
through its
Process Performance Sing the song Describe ____
Test “Sakura” containing musical
musical
(Group Singing) musical elements elements
elements 5 – all 7
4 – most
3 – some
2 – few
1 – none
 ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND SAMPLE ENHANCED QUESTIONS (Music)
LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT SAMPLE ENHANCED SCORING GUIDE
COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT TOOL QUESTIONS
Rubric:
•Logical

Learn the Under- Oral Discourse Explain different •Comprehensive

•Meaningful
standing musical element of •Grammatically correct
music of East •Delivery
the song “Sakura”. 5-presence of all
Asia (Japan) indicators
4-presence of 4
and how it indicators
3-presence of 3
reflects the indicators
2-presence of 2
different indicators
1-presence of 1
aspects
indicator
through its
Rubrics:
musical Performanc Participation Sing ‘”Sakura”’ with *Correct pitch in singing
•Precision of movement with
e/Output (Group Activity) action showing its
elements pitch and rhythm
musical elements. •Enthusiasm
•Creativity of movement
4- presence of all
indicators
3-presence of 3
indicators
2-presence of 2
indicators
 Contents are listed down the left
Two-Way TOS - side and the instructional objectives
are listed across the top of the table

Contents/Topics No. % No. of K C Ap An S E

Taught of Test
Hrs Items
Conversion of 5 33 17 4 3 3 3 2 2
Units
Speed and 5 33 17 5 3 3 3 2 1
Velocity
Acceleration 5 34 16 3 3 5 2 2 1

Total 15 100 50 12 9 11 8 6 4

K – Knowledge C – Comprehension Ap – Application An – Analysis

S – Synthesis E – Evaluation
How to prepare the Table of Specification
(TOS) (Garcia, 2008)
1. Determine the objectives to be assessed
by the test.
2. List down the topics covered for inclusion
in the test.
3. Specify the number of days/hours spent for
teaching a particular topic.
4. Determine percentage allocation of test
items for each of the topics covered.
Formula:
% = No. of hrs/Total No. of Hrs X 100
How to prepare the Table of Specification
(TOS) (Garcia, 2008)
5.Determine the total number of items to be
made.
6. Determine the number of items to
construct for each topic.
Formula:
No. of Items per topic = Total No. of
Items X % of the topic
7. Distribute the number of items to the
objectives to be tested.