CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

ASTIKA NUR ROHMAH, S.Kep., Ns., M.Biomed

2019
 Pretest
1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud pericardium
2. Sebutkan 5 type pembuluh darah
 Location of the Heart
The heart is located in the
mediastinum, with two-thirds
of its mass to the left of the
midline
 Pericardium and heart wall

Pericardium is the
membrane that surrounds
and protects the heart
The pericardium consists
of two main parts:
1. fibrous pericardium
2. serous pericardium
 Layers of the Heart Wall

The wall of the heart consists

of three layers:
1. Epicardium (external layer)
2. Myocardium (middle layer)
3. Endocardium (inner layer)
 Chambers of the Heart

The heart has four

chambers
The two superior
receiving chambers are
the atria (entry halls or
chambers)
The two inferior pumping
chambers are the
ventricles (little bellies)
 Systemic and pulmonary circulations

The left side of the heart is the pump for

systemic circulation; it receives bright red,
oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

The right side of the heart is the pump for

pulmonary circulation; it receives all the dark
red, deoxygenated blood returning from
systemic circulation
 The conduction system of the heart

a network of specialized
cardiac muscle fibers that
provide a path for each cycle of
cardiac excitation to progress
through the heart
 Action potential in a ventricular
contractile fiber
The action potential initiated
by the SA node travels along
the conduction system and
spreads out to excite the
“working” atrial and ventricular
muscle fibers, called
contractile fibers.
 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF BLOOD VESSELS
The five main types of blood vessels
• Arteries
Large, elastic arteries leave the heart and divide into medium-sized, muscular arteries that
branch out into the various regions of the body
• Arterioles
Medium-sized arteries then divide into small arteries
• Capillaries

As the arterioles enter a tissue, they branch into numerous tiny vessels
• Venules
The thin walls of capillaries allow the exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues.
Groups of capillaries within a tissue reunite to form small veins
• Veins.
These in turn merge to form progressively larger blood vessels called veins. blood vessels that convey
blood from the tissues back to the heart
 Structure of a Blood
Vessel
The three structural layers of a
generalized blood vessel from
innermost to outermost are
• tunica interna (intima)
• tunica media

• tunica externa
 CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE

Location and function of the cardiovascular (CV) center in the medulla oblongata.
The CV center receives input from higher brain centers, proprioceptors, baroreceptors, and
chemoreceptors. Then, it provides output to the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
ANS innervation of the heart and the baroreceptor
reflexes that help regulate blood pressure.
 TUGAS
Kelompok 1 : Anatomi lapisan jantung dan ruang
jantung
Kelompok 2 : Sirkulasi darah jantung
Kelompok 3 : Pembuluh darah dan fungsi
Kelompok 4 : Sistem Konduksi jantung
Kelompok 5 : Jantung dalam Kontrol Tekanan
Darah
 Post test
1. Dimana letak jantung, jelaskan menggunakan
bahasa anatomi!
2. Sebutkan 2 jenis pericardium beserta
sifatnya-sifatnya.