MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

An Introduction

JAYDEEP KHADE
Materials Science and Engineering
DY Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune
Ph:+91-8600899322
jaykhade2211@gmail.com
Historical Perspective
 What is Materials Science and Engineering ?

Processing
Materials
Optimization Loop

Structure Properties
Observational

Material science is the investigation of the

relationship among processing, structure, properties,
and performance of materials.
© 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning™
Photograph of three thin disk specimens
 Metals:

• They have relatively high stiffness (modulus, E).

• when pure, are soft and easily deformed, meaning that σy is low.
• They can be made strong by alloying and by mechanical and heat
treatment,
•They are tough, with a usefully high fracture toughness K1c.
•They are good electrical and thermal conductors.
•They are reactive; most corrode rapidly if not protected.

fork and knife), scissors, coins, a gear, a

wedding ring, and a nut and bolt
 Ceramics

• They are non-metallic, inorganic solids, like porcelain or alumina.

• They are stiff, hard and abrasion resistant, they are creep resistant, and they
resist corrosion well.
• Most are good electrical insulators.
• They, too, have their weaknesses: unlike metals, they are brittle, with low K1c.
This gives ceramics a low tolerance for stress concentrations (like holes or
cracks) or for high contact stresses (at clamping points, for instance). For this
reason it is more difficult to design with ceramics than with metals.
 Glasses

• They are non-crystalline (‘amorphous’) solids.

• The commonest are the soda-lime and borosilicate glasses familiar as bottles
and Pyrex ovenware, but there are many more.
• The lack of crystal structure suppresses plasticity, so, like ceramics, glasses
are hard and remarkably corrosion resistant.
• They are excellent electrical insulators and, of course, they are transparent to
light.
• Weaknesses: Like ceramics, they are brittle and vulnerable to stress
concentrations.
 Polymers
• They are organic solids based on long chains of carbon
• Polymers are light—their densities ρ are less than those of the lightest metals.
• Compared with other families, moduli E are roughly 50 times less than those
of metals. But, their strength per unit weight is comparable to that of metals.
• Their properties depend on temperature so that a polymer that is tough and
flexible at room temperature may be brittle at the 4 °C, yet turn rubbery at the
100°C of boiling water. Most of the polymers are useless above 150 °C.
• They are easy to shape (that is why they are called plastics): complicated parts
performing several functions can be molded from a polymer in a single
operation.

Spoon, fork, and knife), billiard balls, a bicycle helmet, two

dice, a lawnmower wheel (plastic hub and rubber tire)
 Elastomers

• They are polymers with the unique property that their stiffness is extremely
low (E is 500–5000 times less than those of metals).
• They have ability to be stretched to many times their starting length yet
recover their initial shape when released.
• Despite their low stiffness they can be strong and tough—think of car tires.
 Elastomers
Elastomeric reinforced Bearings
Hybrids
• They are combinations of two (or more) materials in an attempt to get the
best of both.
• Glass and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP and CFRP) are hybrids;
so, too, are sandwich structures, foams and laminates
• Limitations: They are expensive and relatively difficult to form and join. So
despite their attractive properties the designer will use them only when the
added performance justifies the added cost.
GFRP might be the future in concrete construction, well at least for
Hybrids certain applications….

Why switch from steel to glass?

 © 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning™
Figure. Skin operating temperatures for aircraft have
increased with the development of improved materials