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EE-260
Solution
The direction of the force is given by the
right-hand rule as being to the right.
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6. Production of Induced Voltage on a
Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field
The Voltage induced in a wire moving in the
magnetic field is: eind (v B).l
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule: Vector l points along the direction of
The thumb, forefinger, and middle finger the wire toward the end making the
of the right hand are extended at right smallest angle with respect to the
angles to each other. vector v X B
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Example 1-9:
Figure shows a conductor moving with velocity of 10 m/s to the right in the presence
of a magnetic field. The flux density is 0.5 T out of the page, and the wire is 1.0 m
long, oriented as shown. What are the magnitude and polarity of the resulting induced
voltage.
Solution
The direction of the quantity v X B is
downward. The wire is not oriented on an
up-down line, so choose the direction of l
as shown to make the smallest possible
angle with the direction of v X B. The
voltage is positive at the bottom of the wire
with respect to the top of the wire.
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Chapter # 7
DC Machinery
Fundamentals
7
Direct Current (DC) Machines Fundamentals
8
An Introduction to DC Machines
• Most DC machines are like ac machines in the sense that
they have ac voltages and currents within them.
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7.1: Simplest rotating dc machine
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7.1: Simplest rotating dc machine
• Since the magnetic flux must take the shortest path through the
air, it is perpendicular to the rotor surface everywhere under the
pole faces.
• Also, since the air-gap is of uniform width, the reluctance is the
same everywhere under the pole faces.
• The uniform reluctance means that the magnetic flux density is
constant everywhere under the pole faces.
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7.1: The Voltage Induced in a Rotating Loop
• If the rotor is rotated, a voltage
will be induced in the wire
loop.
• The voltage on each segment
is given by eind = (v X B) . l
• The total induced voltage on
the loop is: eind = 2vBl
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7.1: The Voltage Induced in a Rotating Loop
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7.1: The Voltage Induced in a Rotating Loop
• The induced voltage equation can be expressed alternatively
as v r
2
2 r Bl AP B
under the pole faces
e ind under the pole faces
eind 0
0 beyond the pole faces
beyond the pole faces
AP B
2
e ind under the pole faces
0
beyond the pole faces
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Getting DC voltage out of the Rotating Loop
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Getting DC voltage out of the Rotating Loop
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7.1: Induced Torque in the Rotating Loop
ind ab bc cd da
2rilB under the pole face
ind
0 beyond the pole face
AP rl , and AP B
2
i under the pole face
ind
0 beyond the pole face
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Induced Torque in the Rotating Loop
21
CCW
Example 7-1 Figure 7-6
Resistor models the total resistances of the battery and the wire.
1m 0.5 m
The physical dimensions and characteristics of this machine are
r = 0.5 m
l = 1m
R =0.3
B = 0.25 T
VB = 120 V
(b) (i) Max Starting current ? (ii) steady state (angular velocity) at no load?
0
Solution:
VB eind VB 120
(i) At start loop eind = 0 i 400 A
R R 0. 3
2
(ii) At NO-Load steady state condition 𝜏ind = 0 ind i i=0 VB = eind
VB VB
2 2r L B
120 V
480 rad / s
2(0.5m)(1m)( 0.25T ) 23
(c) Suppose a load is attached to the loop, and the resulting load torque is 10 Nm.
(i) What is the new steady-state speed? At NO-LOAD (load =0) =480 rad/sec
Solution: 2
Speed slow (↓) down as the load torque (load=10Nm) is applied; e ind
VB eind 2
i ind i at a lower speed till ind load
R
2 ind ind
ind i i 2
2
r L B
NO-LOAD
e =120
WITH LOAD
e =108V ind ind
10 Nm
i 40 A I=0 I = 40 A
2(0.5m)(1m)( 0.25T)
load=0 load=10Nm
e ind 108 V
432 rad / s
2r LB 2(0.5m)(1m)( 0.25T )
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(c) Suppose a load is attached to the loop, and the resulting load torque is 10 Nm.
(ii) How much power is supplied to the shaft of the machine.
Solution:
The power supplied to shaft Pshaft =
PBattery = VB i
ind
i
2
7.5 N.m
i 30 A
2(0.5m)(1m)( 0.25T)
eind = VB - iR e = 120 V– (30A)().3) =129V
ind
e ind 129 V
516 rad / s
2r LB 2(0.5m)(1m)( 0.25T ) 26
(e) Suppose the machine is running unloaded. What would the final steady-state speed of the
rotor (loop) be if the flux density (B) were reduced to 0.20 T?
Solution: the unloaded steady-state speed ( = 480 rad/s) form part (b).
What do you think about the new speed ? i.e more/less than 480 rad/sec ?
eind VB 120 V
600 rad / s
2r L B 2(0.5m)(1m)( 0.20 T)
NOTE: When flux in the machine is decreased, its speed increases. Why? Assignment 2
Question no 1
Please note, both for motors and generators this phenomena is very important
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